the two divisions of the skeleton are the __ skeleton and the __ skeleton.
axial
appendicular
The __ bone supports the tongue.
hyoid
The __ at the inferior end of the sacrum is composed of several fused vertebrae.
coccyx
The ribs are attached to the __ posteriorly and to the __ anteriorly.
vertebral column
sternum
The thoracic cage is composed of __ pairs of ribs.
12
The scapulae and clavicles together form the __.
pectoral girdle
The __, __, and __ articulate to form the elbow joint.
humerus
radius
ulna
The wrist is compsed of eight bones called __.
carpals
The coxal bones are attached posteriorly to the __ and are attached anteriorly to __.
sacrum
each other
The pelvic girdle (__), sacrum and coccyx together form the __.
coxal bones
pelvis
The __ covers the anterior surface of the knee.
patella
the bones that articulate with the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are __.
tarsals
All finger and toe bones are called __.
phalanges
Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones are called __.
epiphyses
The shaft of a long bone is the __.
diaphysis
A tough layer of vascular connective tissue, called the __, covers the bone (except for the __) and is continuous with tendons and ligaments.
periosteum
articular cartilage
__ makes up the walls of the diaphysis; the epiphyses are filled with __ to reduce the weight of the skeleton.
compact bone
spongy bone
The diaphysis contains a hollow __ that is lined with __ and filled with __.
medullary cavity
endosteum
marrow
Mature bone cells, called __, are located within lacunae thta lie in concentric circles.
osteocytes
__ contain blood vessels and nerve fibers and extend longitudinally through bone.
osteonic canals
Bone cells pass nutrients and gases in the matrix through __.
canaliculi
Osteonic canals are interconnected by transverse __.
perforating canals
The flat boones of the skull form as __ that develop from layers of connective tissue; wherease, most bones of the skeleton are __ that develop from a hyaline cartilage model.
intramembranous bones
endochondral bones
A band of hyaline cartilage called the __ forms between the two ossification centers and is responsible for the lengthening of bones.
epiphyseal plate
__ break down the calcified matrix of bone and are replaced with bone building cells called __ that deposit bone in place of calcified cartilage.
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
True or false:
Bony processes or grooves indicate places of attachment for muscles.
true
TRue or False:
The intercellular material in spongy bone is arranged in concentric circles called osteons.
false: compact bone not spongy
True or False:
Each bone is made up of several types of tissues and is therefore considered an organ.
true
The skull is composed of the __ and __.
cranium and facial bones
Near the distal end of the vertebral column, several vertebrae fuse to form the __. At the end of this is the __.
sacrum
coccyx
The thoracic cage protects the organs of the thoracic cavity and the uppper abdominal cavity. It is composed of __ pairs of ribs, which articulate posteriorly to the __. The thoracic cage also includes the __ to which most of the ribs attach anteriorly.
12
thoracic vertebrae
sternum
At the distal end of the radius and ulna is the __, which includes __ bones and __ and __.
hand
eight carpal
5 metacarpals
14 bones of the fingers called phalanges
Two __ form the pelvic girdle and are attached to __ anteriorly and to the __ posteriorly.
coxal bones
each other
sacrum
At the distal ends of the tibia and fibula is the __, which includes __, __ and __.
