SOC 101

refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male

the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and priveldge between men and women

people think gender distinctions are "natural"-bio makes one sex different than the other

• Kibbutz-achieved remarkable social equalityMead's research: studied
• 3 societies in New Guinea/ concluded that culture is jey to gender
• distinction/ findings described as too neat, saw the patterns she was
• looking forMurdock: global agreement on femine and masculine tasks

• industrialization: muscle power declines, reduces gender differencesb/c
• gender is too variable to be a simple expression of biology, what it
• means to be female and male is mostly a creation of societymatriarchymatriarchyrule of mothersform of social organization in which females dominate males 0 42 Wrong Flip Right

rule of mothersform of social organization in which females dominate males

rule of fathers. a form of social organization in which males dominate females

belief that one sex is superior than the other

• limits the talents and ambitions of half the human population--womenmasculinity
• in us culture encourages men to engage in high risk behaviors ((linked
• to suicide, violence, and stress related diseases)

gender shape human feelings and thoughts

attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

• female world: cooperation and emotion
• male world: independence and action

male games reinforce aggressions and controlfeam peer groups: interpersonal skills of communication and cooperation

women are now the majority of students on college campusesmen are dominant in engineering, physics, philosophywomen- fine arts and social sciences

the mass media reinforces gender rolesadvertising perpetuates the "beauty myth"-society teaches women to measure their worth in terms of physical appearance

gender involves more than how people think or act, it's about social heirarchy

59% of women in the work force, 72: work full time

high concentration of women in two types of jobs: administrative work and service work (food, child care, health care)men dominate most categorieswomen are kept out of certain "masculine" jobs

invisible barrier above women's heads blocking career, not built into laws or anything

women earn 78 cents to every man's dollarearn less because of the type of work they do

u.s. culture gives more responsibility of parenting to women

because it is illegal it's practiced in subtle ways

essential for family lifelittle rewards for doing it

by 1980, women earned majority of associate and bachelor's degreesdifferences in men's and women's majors are becoming smaller1992-first time women earned majority of post graduate degrees

19th amendement-right to vote for womenwomen make up half the world's population and hold 18% of 188 parliaments around the worl

women growing share of the u.s. militarytechnology blurs the distinction between ombat and non combat personnel

any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a socitey sets apart and subordinates

the interplay of race, class, gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantagegander doesn't operate alone

gender linked violence occurs in the homeglobally, violence against women is built into culture in different ways

extent of sexual abuse shows the tendency toward sexual violence is built into our way of live

extent of sexual abuse shows the tendency toward sexual violence is built into our way of live

80% of cases offender is male52% of all victims of violent crimes are menus culture tends to define masculinity in terms of aggression and violence

refers to comments gestures or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate repeated and unwantedmost victimes are women sometimes obvious and direct other times subtle

views society as a complex sytem of many spate but integrated parts-gender serves as a means to organize social life

gender forms a complementary set of roleslinks women and men into family untiesgives each sex responsibilty for carrying out important taksgender integrates both struturally and morally

functionalism assumes a singular vision of society that is not shared by everyonein the eyes of those seeking sexual equlity gender complimentary amounts to little more than women submitting to male domination

traditional ideas about gender benefit menconventional ideas about gender create division and tension

capitalism intensifies male domination -creates more wealth, which gives greater power to men as earners and owners of propertydouble exploitation of capitalism : pay men low wages for labor, pay women no wages at all

• social conflict analysis minimizes the extent to which women and men
• live together cooperativley and often happily, claims that capitalism is
• the root of gender stratification

he advocacy of social equality for women and men, in oppositions to patriarchy and sexism-working to increase equality-expanding human choice-eliminating gender strastification-ending sexual violence-promoting sexual freedom

liberal, socialist, radical

-provokes criticism and resistance from those who hold conventional ideas about gender-feminism undervalues contribution women make to development of children-most opposition to feminism is directed toward socialst and radical forms!liberal=supported