All living things are composed of four classes of large biological molecules:
Nucleic Acids, Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates
Macromolecules
large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atom
True or False? Molecular function and structure are inseparable
True
Define Polymer
a long molecule consisting of many similar building block
Monomer
The small building blocks of polymer
Are Lipids classified as a class of Organic molecules? Explain your answer
No, lipids are not organic molecule. Even though lipids consist of hydrocarbons, they do not build up to make polymers. (Being able to form polymers is a major characteristic of Organic molecules)
Dehydration Reaction
occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule resulting in the synthesis of a polymer
hydrolysis
a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction, resulting in the breaking down of a polymer
What are the simplest carbohydrates? what are the name of its polymers
Monosacchrides. Polysacchrides
Monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are usually multiples of?
CH2O
What is the molecular formula of Glucose
C6H12O6 (remember the simple molecular formula CH2O?)
Monosacchrides are classified by :
1. The location of the carbonyl group (as aldose or ketose)
2.The number of carbons in the carbon skeleton
What is the simplest form of starch?
Amylose
formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharide
Disacchrides
Covalent bond between two or more monosacchrides/polysacchrides
glycosidic linkage
a storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomer
STARCH
Humans and other vertebrates store _______ mainly in liver and muscle cells
Glycogen
a major component of the tough wall of plant cell
Cellulose
Both cellulose and starch are polymers of glucose but what makes the two differ?
The glycosidic linkage/ring forms: Starch is linked by alpha and cellulose is linked by beta
In straight structures, H atoms on one strand can bond with ______ groups on other strands
OH
Polymers with alpha glucose are_____? Polymers with beta glucose are _____?
helical. straight
If a hypothetical enzyme can break down alpha bonds can it break beta bonds too?
No
From the previous card: Enzymes that are synthesized by the most autotrophs are only capable of breaking down alpha bonds so how are cows capble of hydrolyze cellulose?
Some microtubes, that live in the cow's intestine, have enzymes that can hydrolyze cellulose; this is also called a symbiotic relationship
Chitin
polysaccharide that is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods. Chitin also provides structural support for the cell walls of many fungi
