-
Increase in muscle bulk with proportionate increase in muscle strength
Hypertrophy
-
Increase in muscle bulk without proportionate increase in muscle strength
Pseudohypertrophy
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Localized atrophy of the thenar eminence suggests damage of what nerve?
Median
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Localized atrophy of the hypothenar eminence suggests damage of what nerve?
Ulnar
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When a normal muscle is relaxed there is a slight residual tension known as ____
muscle tone
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You can measure a muscle tone by feeling the mucle's resistance to _____
passive stretch
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Fasiculations with atrophy suggest disease of the ___ motor unit
peripheral
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An increased resistance that worsens at the extremes of range, and increases with rapid movement
Spasticity
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increased resistance throughout the range of movement and in both directions and is not rate dependent
Rigidity
-
No muscular contraction detected would be a muscle strength of
O
-
A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction would be a muscle strength of
1
-
An active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated would be a muscle strength of
2
-
An active movement of the body against gravity would be a muscle strength of
3
-
An active movement of the body against gravity and some resistance would be a muscle strength of
4
-
an active movment of the body against full resistance without evident fatigue is normal muscle strength
5
-
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Absense of strength is called ____ or ____
paralysis or plegia
-
Hemiparesis
weakness of one half of the body
-
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one half of the body
-
Paraplegia
paralysis of the legs
-
quadirplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
-
Flexion of the bicepts is controlled by what nerve segments?
C5 and C6
-
Extension of the arm by the tricepts is controlled by what nerve segments?
C6, C7,C8
-
List the muscles and nerves responsible for extension at the wrist
C6, C7, C8, radial nerve: extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
-
What spinal segments control grip?
C7, C8, T1
-
how would you test a patients grip?
Ask the patient to squeeze two of your fingers as hard as possible and not let them go
-
What are some conditions that can cause a weak grip?
Radiculopathy, deQuevain's tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, epicondylitis
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What spinal segments control finger abduction?
C8, T1
-
What nerve controls finger abduction?
Ulnar nerve
-
What spinal segments and nerve control thumb opposition?
C8 and T1, median nerve
-
Flexion at the hip is controlled by what spinal segments and what muscle?
L2, L3, L4 iliopsoas
-
What controls adduction at the hips?.
L2, L3, L4 adductors
-
Symmetric weakness of the proximal muscles suggests a ____ or muscle disorder
myopathy
-
symmetric weakness of distal muscles suggests a ____ or disorder of the peripheral nerves
polyneuropathy
-
Abduction at the hips is controlled by what
L4,L5, S1, gluteus medius and minimus
-
Extension at the hips is controlled by what
S1 and gluteus maximus
-
Extension at the knee is controlled by
L2, L3, L4 and is accomplished by the quadricepts
-
Flexion at the knee is controlled by what
L4, L5, S1 and S2 and the hamstrings
-
Dorsiflexion is controlled by
L4 and L5 � tibialis anterior
-
Plantar flexion is controlled by
S1 and gastrocnemius
-
What is dysdiadochokinesis?
A cerebellar disease process finding in which one movement cannot be follwed quickly its opposite movement. Attempting this may have slow irregular or clumsy movements
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