Med Term Ch. 12

the sex, or reproductive, organs visibile on the outside of the body; also called genitals

length of time from conception to birth

production and release of milk by mammory glands

mouth; entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure

time after childbirth that lasts approx. 6 weeks, during which the anatomical and physicological changes brought about by pregnancy resolve and a woman adjusts to the new or expanded responsibilities of motherhood and nonpregnant life

uterine endometrium sloughs off because of hormonal stimulation; a process that is accompanied by bleeding. The detached tissue and blood are discharged thru the vagina as mentrual flow.

When menstration ceases, the endometrium begins to thicken as new tissue is rebuilt. As estrogen level rises, several ova begin to mature in the graafian follicles witho only one ovum reaching full maturity. At about the 14th day of the cycle, the graafian follicle ruptures, releasing the egg, a process called ovulation. The egg then leaves the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus.

The empty graafian follicle fills with a yellow material and is not called the corpus luteum. Secretions of estrogen and pregesterone by the corpus luteum stimulate the building of the endometrium in preperation for implantation of an embryo. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate as estrogen and progesterone levels decline. With decreased hormone levels, the uterine lining begins to shed starting menstration

amnion (amniotic sac)

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

vagina

milk

woman, female

uterus (womb)

breast

menses, menstruation

uterus (womb); measure

birth

ovary

perineum

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

beginning

pregnancy

pregnant woman

to bear (offspring)

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

childbirth, labor

turning

before, in front of

first

accessory parts of a structure

congential absence or closure or a normal body opening, such as the vagina

malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy

contraceptive device consisting of a hemisphere of thin rubber bonded to a flexible ring; inserted into the vagina together with spermicidal jelly or cream up to 2 hrs before sex so that sperm can't enter the uterus, thus preventing contraception

ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a folicle during ovulation and becomes a small yellow body that produces progesterone after ovulation

occurance of pain during sexual intercourse

inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

benign uterine tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue; also called leiomyomas (myomas) and fibromyomata uteri

inability or diminished ability to produce offspring

• use of hormones to suppress ovulation and prevent conception
• -birth control pills containing estrogen and progesterone in varying proportions

beginning of menstrual function

scanty or infrequent menstrual flow

regioin between the vulva and anus that constitutes pelvic floor

period during which secondary sex characteristics begin go develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained

pus in the fallopian tube

turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position

inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

painful spasm of the vagina from contraction of its surrounding muscles

capable of sustaining life; denotes a fetus sufficiently developed to live outside of the uterus

termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus

premature seperation of a normally situated placenta

membrane, continuous with and covering the fetal side of the placenta, that forms the outer surface of the umbilical cord

common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head

congenital condition characterized by physical malformations and some degree of mental retardation

difficult labor, which may be produced by the large size of the fetus or the small size of the pelvic outlet

most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum doesn't reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity, such as a fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen, or even the cervix uteri

pregnant woman

woman who has been pregnant more than once

woman who has delivered more than one viable infant

woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants

process of giving birth

measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass thru the bony pelvis during the delivery process

condition in which the placenta is attached near the cervix and ruptures prematurely, with spotting as the early symptom

woman pregnant for the first time

woman who has given birth to one viable infant, her fist child, indicated by the notation para I on the patient's chart

period of 42 days after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta and membranes during which the reproductive organs usually return to normal

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

• delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication
• -test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with CO2; also called Rubin test

visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colscope)

visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope thru one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study

cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

radiographic examination of the breast to screen fro breast cancer

radiography of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium

• -US of the pelvic region used to evaluate abnormalities in the female reproductive system as well as the fetus in the obstetric patient
• -US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis

surgery designed to correct an unsuccessful procedure that has created a cosmetic problem or poses a health risk

suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion. The sutures are removed prior to delivery

incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called C-section

surgical closure of the vaginal canal

excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histolocial examination

sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance

process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery

Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

repair of a lacerated vulva ora n episiotomy

incision of teh perineum from the vaginal orifice usually done to prevent tearing of the tissue and to facilitate childbirth

• excision of the uterus
• -hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain
• -hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy
• -total (complete) hysterectomy, including uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

plastic or metal object placed inside the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine lining

excision of a small primary breast tumor ("lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

• surgical recontruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position
• -breast enlargement to increase breast size of to replace one that has been surgically removed
• -breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast

• excision of the entire breast
• -excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simple mastectomy
• -excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) (most common)
• -excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chel wall muscles under the breast

excision of a myomatous tumor, generally uterine

• reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease
• -common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced witha more permanent implant

surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen which is passed under the skin to the brease area. The abdominal tissue (flap) is shaped intoa anatural looking breast and sutured into place

excision of an ovary and fallopian tube

procedure that ties (ligate) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process

treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) thru hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

prevent ovulation

induce labor at term by increasing the strenth and frequency of uterine contractions

terminate pregnancy

chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus

or else!