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What fibers detect temperature?
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Where in the skin temperature detected?
In the dermis and the epidermis
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The _______________ integrates temperature information and relays it to the hypothalmus
Reticular formation
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What is TPR?
- Transient receptor potential
- A large diverse family cation channels, detecting vision, taste. olfaction, hearing, touch and osmosensation
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__________ are involved in sensing temperature
thermoTRP
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What allows for our ability to measure small temperature differences over a large temperature range?
Different thermoTRP
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Both ___________ and ___________ may be involved in sensing temperature
free nerve ending and specialized receptors cells
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___________ have thermoTRP channels and can secrete bioactive substances, so may behave as specialized temperature receptors cells
Keratinocytes
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What acts as a proportional controller of body temperature?
POAH
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What integrates skin and core temperature and alters temperature via effectors for heat loss and heat gain?
POAH
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What are the effectors of heat loss?
- Behavior
- sweating
- vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
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What are the effectors of heat gain?
- Behavior
- Shivering
- Non-shivering thermogenesis
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What two systems control skin temperature??
- The active vasodilator
- The adrenergic vasoconstrictor
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What is the active vasodilator system?
MOst of your skin (limbs, trunk) sympathetic signals cause blood vessels to dilate
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What is the adrenergic vasoconstrictor system?
NOrepinephrine is toncially released with more release causing peripheral vasocontriction and less release causing vasodilation
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What does cold skin do to NE?
Increases [] leading to vasoconstriction, conserving heat
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What does hot skin do to NE?
Decreases [] leading to vasodilation to release heat
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What is the primary mechanism for control of body temperature?
BEHAVIOR
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WHat are the main source of sweat for evaporative cooling and are particulary dense in acral regions?
The eccrine sweat glands
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WHen does shivering occur? (specific)
When cold temperature release the inhibition of the dorsomedial posterior hypothalmus by the POAH
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What causes a change in temperature in a fever?
Change in the set point
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What causes a change in temperature for exercise?
core temperature
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What does prolong periods of vasodilation lead to?
Can lead to ischemic injury to the gut
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What do people do if they are acclimated to cold?
- Lower core temperature threshold for shivering
- have a lower shell conductance: reduced blood flow to the periphery
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What do people do if they are acclimated to heat?
- Maintain a lower body temperature by sweating more
- Associated with increased exercise
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What is the lewis hunting response?
Is a rhythmic pattern of vasodilation and vasocontriction that allows fisherman to use their hands without excessive reduction of core body temperature
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What factors alter thermoregulation?
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What is hypohydrotic ectoderm dyspasia?
It is an X-linked recessive condition in individual have fewer and/or non-function sweat glands
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What is hyperthermia?
An increase of core temperature due to failure of thermoregulation
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What is hypothermia?
A decrease of core temperature due to failure of thermoregulation
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What is heat exhaustion?
It is cardiovascular failure with no change in core temperature
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What is heat stroke?
Hypothalmic failure caused by elevated core temperature
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How can people who are acclimated to heat maintain lower body temperature?
By sweating more, can regulate their sweat production dependent on their level of dehydration and release less sodium in their sweat
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What in sweat is a critical determinant of the source of water in sweat and therefore of cardiovascular effects of sweating?
[Na+]
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[Na+] in sweat is a critical determinant of?
The source of water in sweat and therefore of cardiovascular effects of sweating
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What are the classes of hypothermia?
- Mild=(>32 oC)
- Moderate=(>28 oC)
- Severe=(<28 oC)
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How does alcohol affect hypothermia?
- Hypothermia is linked to hypothermia is most often linked to alcohol
- which depresses shivering
- Increases peripheral vasodilation
- Acts as a sedative
- Resulting in reduced Tset
- THermoregulatory precision
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How are the Sami in the Artic and Aborigines of Austrailia aclimized to the cold?
- Habituation
- Attenuation of metabolic response to cold, reduced shivering and Tcore
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How do korean divers aclimized to cold?
They can tolerate lower core temperatures and have a lower thresholds for peripheral vasodilation
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