social psychology ch.9-12 textbook terms

a preconeived negative judgment of a group and its indivdual members

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people, tend to be overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information

unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members

• 1. an individual's prejudical attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race
• 2. institutional practices that subordinate ppl of a given race

and individual's prejudical attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward ppl of a given sex

a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups

believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a cooresponding disdain for all other groups

a personality that is disposted to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status

the theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

the "we" aspect of our self-concept, the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships

"us" a group of ppl who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity

"them" a group that ppl perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup

the tendency to favor one's own group

according to "terror management theory" ppl's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality

perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members.

the tendency for ppl to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

a person's expectation of being vistimized by prejudice or discrimination

explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors, also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions

the tendency of ppl to believe that the world is just and that ppl therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

accommodating individuals who deviate from one's sterotype by thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule"

accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group

a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt somone

aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself

aggression that is a means to some other end

an innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species

the theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress

the blocking of goal-directed behavior

the redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration

the perception that one is less well-off than others with whom one compares oneself

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished

emotional release

positive, constructive, helpful social behavior

culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations

a motivation to bond with others in a relationships that provides ongoing, positive interactions

geographical nearness

the tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them

the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits

the pressumption taht physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well

the popularly supposed tendency in a relationship between 2 people for each to compete what is missing in the other

the use of strategies, such as flattery, by which ppl seek to gain another's favor

the theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events

a state of intense looking for union with another. passionate lovers are absorbed in each other, feel ecstatic at attaining their partner's love, and are disconsolate on losing it

arousal x its label = emotion

the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy

attachments marked by a sense of one's own unworthiness and anxiety, ambivalence, and possessiveness

an avoidant relationship style marked by distrust of others

an avoidant relationship style marked by fear of rejection

a condition in which the outcomes ppl receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

the tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a converstational partner

a motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests

the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's costs

a motive to increase one's own welfare

an expectation that ppl will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

the mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network

an expectation that ppl will help those needing help

the idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

the vicarious experience of another's feelings, putting oneself in another's shoes

the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders

a strategy for gaining a concession. After somone first turns down a large request (the door-in the face), the same request counteroffers with a more reasonable request

the perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness.

the result of bribing ppl to do what they already like doing, they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing