Human Physiology 01.txt

What is physiology?

What is emphasized in physiology?

What is pathophysiology?

What is comparative physiology?

What is plant physiology?

Science is a process. What process is used?

Although there are many techniques involved in applying the scientific method, all share what three attributes?

Within science there is a base of knowledge. What are the two general categories within this base?

Within science what is a testable prediction?

What is the key characteristic of a hypothesis within science?

What is the key characteristic of the data used within science?

How are the results of scientific research formally communicated?

What are scientific theories?

What is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment within an organism through dynamic means?

What type of mechanisms most commonly helps to maintain the internal environment of an organism?

A factor in homeostasis is maintained around what general constant?

What component of a negative feedback loop detects changes in a factor in homeostasis?

Within negative feedback loops sensors relay information to what part of a loop?

Within a negative feedback loop what component is immediately responsible for affecting the factor undergoing a change?

What adjective describes effectors with opposite impacts on a physiological factor?

What adjective means of, relating to, or involving the measurement of quantity or amount?

What type of mechanism amplifies the change in a physiological factor?

What type of mechanism is built into the structure which it effects?

What type of mechanism is outside of the structure it effects?

What regulatory system within the body secretes hormones?

What regulatory mechanism within the body produces electrochemical impulses?

List the four primary tissue types.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

What primary tissue type is specialized for contraction?

What type of muscle is non-striated?

What type of muscle is striated and branched?

What type of muscle is striated and multinucleated?

Within nervous tissue, what type of cells generate and conduct impulses?

Within nervous tissue, what type of cells support and maintain neurons?

What part of a neuron holds the nucleus?

What part of a neuron receives input from other cells?

What part of a neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body?

What primary tissue type acts as a covering or lining of the bodyís surface and cavities and also forms many of the body's glands?

What type of epithelium acts as a lining or covering for the body's cavities and surface?

Glands consist of what type of epithelium?

What type of glands secrete their product onto an epithelial surface?

What type of glands secrete their product directly into the blood?

What two factors are used to classify membranous epithelium?

What adjective describes flat epithelial cells?

What adjective describes cube-shaped epithelial cells?

What adjective describes epithelial cells that are longer than they are wide?

What adjective describes epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells?

What adjective describes epithelium that consists of several layers of cells?

What type of membranous epithelium is specialized for protection?

What type of membranous epithelium is specialized for the movement of substances across them?

What unicellular glands produce muscus?

What protein is found in epithelium exposed to the outside of the body?

What term refers to membranous epithelium lacking keratin?

Structures that join membranous epithelium tightly together are collectively known as what?

What is the layer of proteins and polysaccharides that attach membranous epithelium to the underlying connective tissues?

What primary tissue type supports other tissues both physically and physiologically and also protects and binds other tissues?

What are the three principle types of connective tissue?

What are the two broad categories of connective tissue proper?

What type of loose connective tissue surrounds nerves, blood vessels, and individual muscle cells?

This type of tissue forms shiny layers of binding tissue commonly known as what?

What type of loose connective tissue is commonly known as fat?

What type of connective tissue forms a meshwork that acts as a structural framework for organs such as the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes?

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

What type of dense connective tissue is composed of densely packed, parallel collagen fibers?

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

What type of dense connective tissue is composed of collagen fibers extending in all directions?

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

What type of dense connective tissue contains elastic tissue?

What are the two types of supporting connective tissue?

Which of the two types of supporting connective tissue is more flexible and found where the body needs support and must withstand deformation?

What type of connective tissue is composed of 1/3 organic components and 2/3 calcium salts?

Which type of bone forms a latticework inside of individual bones?

There are two forms of bone. Which is solid and forms the outer shell of an individual bone?

What is the fluid connective tissue?

What are anatomical structures composed of at least two of the primary tissue types and performing specific functions?

What is the outer layer of the skin?

What is the deep layer of the skin?

What tissue layer lies just deep to the skin?

What are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into a variety of tissue types?

What adjective describes cells that can produce all the different specialized cells in the body?

What adjective describes the ability of adult stem cells to form a variety of related cell types?

What adjective describes the ability of embryonic stem cell to form unrelated cell types?

What level of organization deals with organs working together to achieve a common function?

What are the two main aqueous compartments within the body?

What are the two subdivisions of the extracellular compartment?

What are the smallest units of chemical element?

What is the center of an atom?

Within the nucleus of an atom, what the positive particles?

Within the nucleus of an atom, what the particle which do not carry a charge?

What is the number of protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom?

What is the number of protons within an atom?

What are the negatively charged particles within an atom?

Where do electrons occur within an atom?

What are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?

What are isotopes which are unstable and decay to different isotopes or elements?

What are the interactions between atoms which form molecules?

Within what type of chemical bonds are electrons shared between atoms?

Within what type of covalent bonds are electrons shared equally?

Within what type of covalent bonds are atoms shared unequally?

Within what type of chemical bond are electrons completely transferred from one atom to another?

What are atoms that have completely lost or gained electrons?

What are positively charged ions?

What are negatively charged ions?

What adjective describes molecules that are attacked to water?

What adjective describes molecules that are repelled by water?

Within what type of bond is a partially positive hydrogen atom attracted to a partially negative atom?

What type of chemical bond occurs within a water molecule?

What type of chemical bond occurs between water molecules?

What is a substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution?

What is a substance that releases or increase hydroxyl ions in solution?

What adjective describe a solution that has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than water?

What adjective describe a solution that has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions than water?

What is a scale that represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution?

What is the formula for pH?

What range of pH is acidic?

What pH is neutral?

What range of pH is basic?

What is a system of molecules and ions that acts to prevent a change in pH?

What is the pH of blood?

What condition occurs if the pH of the blood falls below 7.35?

What condition occurs if the pH of the blood rises above 7.45?