Microbiology Compend-Final

Vaccines immunity

Placental transfer of antibodies immunity

Serum derived from animal that has been immunized to infectious disease and used to confer immunity to others (humans)

Foreign protein, when introduced into body, excites body cells to produce antibodies against itself

Acquired immunity results from inoculation of immune serum

Lack of resistance to specific diesase

Substances produced by body cells, combat foreign proteins introduced into living body

Antibodies that inactivate invading bacterial cells by causing cells to form clumps

Immunity conferred after birth

Immunity inherited

Immunity results from inoculation of toxoid

Causative agent of disease modified in manner that will no longer cause disease but will promote production of antibodies

Highly developed state of resistance to specific disease

Organisms responsible for infection epidemic meningitis exit from host by means of

Infections caused by members of genus Salmonella primarilly transmitted by

Portal of entry of Salmonella typhi

Ophthalmia neonatorum is infection caused by member of genus

Endospore formation is characteristic of members of genus

Lockjaw

Gas gangrene and tissue gas is caused by

Local skin abscesses usually caused by members of genus

Vibro cholerae, responsible for infection called

High lipid content of cell wall organism

Pertussis

Rabbit fever

Puerperal sepsis

Exptoxin producer

Septic sore throat

Disease caused by infection entering body through unbroken skin

Endospore formation characteristic of

Streptococcus pyogenes

Veneral disease

Weil's disease

Silver nitrate prophylaxis once used for control of

Portal of entry of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Antibodies cause clumping of antigenic substances

Capable of forming capsules when living as parasites

NOT play part in transmission of salmonellosis

Caused by spiral-shaped organism

Syphilis

Septic sore throat

Puerperal sepsis occurs in

Presence of free oxygen, can live in absence

Temp. which bacteria grow best

Organism can utilize inorganic matter as food

Prefers dead inorganic material, can obtain nourishment from living organic material

Spore forming bacteria currently contain spores

Bacteria that grow best as moderate temp.

Lowest temp. which growth for species will take place

Highest temp. which growth for species will take place

Grows and reproduces best in presence of oxygen, can grow and reproduce in absence

pH is measurement of

NOT characterisitc of viruses

Bacteria usually reproduce by

Organism is acid fast positive

Bacteria grow best at high temp.

"True fungi"

Study of smallest microscopic life forms

Self digestion of tissue by enzymes of own formation

Structure functions to protect organism and enhance virulence

Structure contains material in inheritance

May be capable of forming spores

Spherical shape

Rod-shaped

Study of true fungi

Animal or plant of microscopic size

Eucaryotic, true fungi, reproduce by budding

Cocci, bacilli, and spitilla are shapes of

Molds

Single cell

Mocroscopic one-celled animals

Micrometer equal to

Classified as venereal disease

Contain nuclear bodies

Most common mode of transmission for tuberculosis

Cytoplasm of typical eucaryotic cell is separated from nucleus by

Material of inheritance is contained within

Basic unit from which organisms are made

Association of two organisms that is detrimental to one

Enzyme produced in bacterial cell but retained inside cell

Visible mass of bacterial growth resulting from reproduction of single cell

Spherical shaped bacteria form grape-like clusters

Spore formation is characteristic of only few species of

Spores are most likely to form when

Presence of capsule may affect bacterium by

Bacterial spore is called endospore because

Chlamydia

Size of bacteria measured in special unit called

Smallest unit which a living organism can survive independently

Spore forming bacteria under unfavorable conditions

Spore formation is characterized as

Spore formation occurs in response to

Respiratory tract is primary portal of entry for all virus diseases EXCEPT

Monilia is used synonymously with

Viral disease primarily of man

Most common mode of transmission for gonorrhea

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Least likely to be viral

Antibodies have thus far been ineffective against most varieties or types of

Typhus fever

Transmitted from person to person by unsanitary injection procedures

Living cells for growth

Malaria caused by

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Serum hepatitis attributed to

Virus causes fever blisters or cold sores

Hemolysins and leucocidins

Caused by rickettsia

Least effective in destruction of microbes

Protozoa

Epidemic typhus fevers transmitted by

Parrot fever

Malaria and amoebiasis caused by

Virus

Common cold transmitted by

Rabies

Rickettsia grow only as

Rocky Mountain spotted fever caused by

Q fever caused by

Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis caused by

Viruses been found to be capable of infecting

Staphylococcus

Ringworm caused by

Causes disease known as thrush

Virus attacks respiratory tract

Vaccination with cowpox virus will produce immunity to

Protozoan parasite does NOT have method for locomotion

Destruction of all microorganisms and their products

Inhibition of bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying organisms

Destruction of all pathogens and their products

Agent which destroys yeasts and molds

Agent which liberates gases or fumes for purpose of destruction of insects and microorganisms

Most efficient in destruction of microorganisms

Primarily bacteriostatic in its action

Most often diagnosed viral infection

Most widely applicable and effective sterilizing agent

Usual portal of entry for pneumotropic viral diseases

Free-flowing steam is about equal to

Autoclave usually generates temp. of about

UV rays contained in direct sunlight

German measles

Virus that would have affinity for liver

Used as standard to measure efficiency of chemical disinfectants

Quaternary ammonium compound

Part of body affected by encephalitis

Viral disease cause lesions of skin

NOT phenolic compound

Presence of true pathogens on inanimate objects

Produce disease only unders favorable conditions

Invasion of body by macroscopic parasites

Degree of ability of microorganism to cause disease

Invasion of body by living mocroorganisms with subsequent multiplication and disease production

Attenuation affects pathogen by

Preference of pathogen for particular part of body

Infection already present in body

Infection has relatively short and severe course

Infection which remains confined to particular part of body

Infection in one in which microorganisms or products are spread by blood or lymph throughout entire body

Infection which has relatively slow onset and long duration

Infection spreads from one area of infection to set up other areas of infection in body

Infection which the causative agents enter body from outside by entering through one of the protals of entry

Infection which occurs in individual who already has an infection of another type

Infection is one caused by two or more different organisms at about same time

Condition which bactera are found in blood but not multiplying there

Infection occurs in individual who has no other active infections

Infection of blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in blood

Infection occurs as late complication of another disease and is itself actual cause of death

Communicable disease which is constantly present to greater or lesser degree within community

Communicable disease that attacks large number of persons in community at about same time

Communicable disease occurs in community only as occasional case

Communicable disease that has spread to more than one country

Poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released into surrounding medium by living cells

Substances produced by baceria will destroy WBC's

Substances produced by bacterial cells will destroy RBC's

Poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released only when bacterial cells die and disintegrate

Carrier harbors and disseminates causative agents of disease for long time following recovery from disease

Mode of direct disease transmission

Proper term for smallpox

Transmit disease by bitting host

Most likely transmit typhoid fever as mechanical vector

Congenital disease transmission occurs through

Inflammation is primarily

Substances produced by body in response to entry of foreign substance into body

Bacteria considered to be

Bacteria which prefer inorganic material as source of nutrition

Toxin which remains inside bacteria until bacteria disintegrates

Bacterium which has high degree of pathogenicity

Bacterium which has had virulence reduced

Hydrophobia is condition often associated with

Presence of bacteria in blood with no noticable growth or reproduction

Person who harbors pathogenic microbe but does not exhibit any symproms of disease

Tuberculosis is example of

In the name Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the first name is

Prefix "staphylo" refers to organism's tendency to

Structures interfere most with phagocytosis

Thick colorless gelatinous outer covering

Classification for disease poliomyelitis

Requires living cells for growth and reproduction

Type of lesion most closely associated with tuberculosis

Highly communicable disease which is easily spread directly from person to person

Radical immunity

Substance secreted by living cell that can bring about chemical changes in another substance without undergoing any substantive change themselves

Invasion, multiplication and spreading of microorganisms causing harm to host

Type of pathogens cause disease under most conditions

For disinfection, alcohol is most effective in a

Example of physiological defense mechanism of body against infection

Process of passing liquid through material with pores so small bacteria cannot pass through

Chemical agent is member of quaternary ammonium compound family

Virus most likely transmitted from host to host by unsanitary injection procedures

Oral and vaginal thrush

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Q fever

Spread of microorganisms from host to host by food, milk and water

Disease not transmitted from one host to another

Microorganisms that do not normally invade body of host to produce disease

Least effective in achieving sterile environment

Mechanical method of sanitation is likely to be used in practive of mortuary hygiene

Capable of producing enterotoxin that will cause food poisoning

Common cold transmitted by

Structures that produce motility for bacterial cells

Chemical agent described as coal-tar derivative

Example of pathogenic protozoa

Spirochetes

Gelatinous envelope that surrounds bacilli

Where spores are formed

Thin whip-like organelle of bacterial motility

Diplococci appear

Optimum pH for most pathogenic bacteria

Bacterium that produces infection only when specific conditions arise

Degree of ability of microbe to produce disease is measured as

Poisonous substance produced by microorganism

Normal flora bacteria will cause

Process of ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes

Humoral theory of immunity involves

"Streptococcus" describes

NOT an effective disinfectant

Body cell known to perform process of phagocytosis

Staphylococcus aureus

Yersinia pestis

Chlamydia psittaci

Varicella Zoster

Rubella

Disease with the condition called hydrophobia

Clostridium perfringens

Francisella tularensis

Bacillus anthracis

Most likely to enter body through genitourinary tract

Pneumotropic

Viscerotropic

Chemical agent capable of killing viral organisms

Capable of killing molds

Type of immunity based solely on genus and species of host

Control process used to destroy something of no value

Condition most desired by mesophilic bacteria

Agent destroys yeasts and molds

Agent liberates gases for purpose of destroying macroscopic life forms

Bacteria that grows best between temps. of 30 C and 40 C

Bacteria require organic chemial compounds for nourishment

Structure providing bacterial cell with rigidity and outlining shape of cell

Pathogen

Infection that occurs after another infection is already present

Infection occurs with rapid onset and short duration

First infection that person has at any given time

Infection that is caused by two or more different organisms

Fomite

Enzyme that dissolves fibrin

Enzymes oftem referred to as "the spreading factor"

Enzyme destroys RBC's

Enzyme causes blood plasma to clot

Organism upon which pathogen lives

Characteristic of rickettsial organisms

Distinguishing feature of viruses

Epidemic parotitis

Caused by contact with contaminated blood serum

Virulence of pathogen

Dermatomycosis

Dysentery

Varicella cirus

Movement of bacteria through medium

Relationship between two organisms in which neither can survive independent of the other

Replationship between two organisms in which one is detrimental to other

Microb known to produce endotoxin

Study of all microscopic life forms

"Comma" shaped

Protozoan parasite

Reproduce by budding

Rod-shaped, form chain-like arrangements

Substance most specific in antimicrobial action

Mutually advantageous symbiotic relationship between two organisms

Condition produced by application of antiseptic

Synonymous with bacteriostatic

Ultraviolet rays of sunlight

Cogenital disease transmission occurs through

Why are UV rays lethal to bacteria

"Lockjaw"

Acne, boils, and pus formation on skin

Inplication of sterilization

Inflammation of middle ear caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Entrance into host by means of deep puncture wound

Synonymous term for rabbit fever

Spirochete

Lobar pneumonia

Treponema pallidum

Streptococcus pyogenes

Clostridium perfringens

Vibrio cholerae

Yersinia pestis

Naturally acquired active

Narually acquired passive

Innate immunity

Artificially acquired active

Artificially acquired passive

Gonorrhea

Furuncles

Salmonellosis

Tuberculosis

Tetanus

Best pH for pathogens

Best pH for non-pathogens

Psychrophiles

Mesophiles

Thermophiles

Protozoa

Yeasts and Molds

Bacteria

Viruses

Rickettsia

Cytoplasm

Protoplasm

Nuclear material

Capsule

Endospore

Sarcinae

Staphylococci

Tetrads

Diplococci

Streptococci

Germination

Bacterial spore

Vegitative

Adverse

Procaryotic

Heterotrophic bacteria

Authotrophic bacterial

Psychrophilic bacteria

Commensalism

Symbiosis

pH fo 7

pH of 9

pH of 5

Plasmolysis

Plasmoptysis

Psychrophilic

Mesophilic bacteria

Symbiosis

Antibiosis

Synergism

Facultative parasite

Facultative saprophyte

Facultative aerobe

Facultative anaerober

Simple binary fission

Micrometer

Saprophytes

Motility

Exotoxin

Anaerobe

Chickenpox

Measles

Murine typhus

Epidemic parotitis

Herpes virus

Rickettsia

Entamoeba

Candida

Tinea

Psittacosis

Hepatitis A

Mumps

Amoeba

Mold

Hepatitis B

Sterilazition

Disinfection

Bacteriostasis

Viricide

Fungicide

Incineration

Boiling

Steam under pressure

Cold temps.

Direct sunlight

Iodine

Carbolic acid

Calcium hypochlorite

Zephiram

Ethylene oxide

Attenuation

Virulence

Elective localization

Host

Infestation

Hemolysin

Leucocidin

Hyaluronidase

Fibrinolysin

Coagulase

Convalescent carrier

Passive carrier

Active case

Active carrier

Intestinal carrier

Congenital transmission

Mosquito

Inanimate object

Housefly

Droplet spray

Exogenous infection

Endogenous infection

Local infection

Focal infection

General infection

Acute infection

Chronic infection

Primary infection

Secondary infection

Mixed infection

Endemic

Epidemic

Sporadic

Pandemic

Pathogenic