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anaplasia
(backward growth) indicates that the cells are dedifferentiated or undifferentiated, and lack an orderly arrangement
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apoptosis
programmed cell death
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benign
slowly growing, encapsulated and noninvasive, well-differentiated, and nonmetastatic tumors
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carcingogen
environmental agents that produce cancer
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carcinoma
when a cancerous cell
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chemotherapy
treatment of cancer using chemicals (drugs)
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differentiation
organized and specialized cells
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encapsulated
contained within a fibrous capsule or cover
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genetic screening
blood cells from family members may be tested to determine whether a person has inherited the cancer-causing gene
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gross description of tumors
visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye
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microscopic description of tumors
appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope
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infiltrative
extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adajacent tissues
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invasive
having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue
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malignant
a tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness and metastasis
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metastasis
spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site, literally beyond control
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modality
method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherarpy, or irradiation
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morbidity
condition of being unwell, deficient in normal function
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mutation
change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell, may be caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses or may occur simulataneouly
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neoplasm
new growth, benign or malignant tumors
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oncogene
region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that cause cancer, designated by three letter name
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pallative
relieving but not curing symptoms
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remission
partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease
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sarcoma
cancerous tumor derived from connective or fibrous tissue
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staging of tumors
system of evaluating the extent of the spread of tumors
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grading of tumors
evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or indication of malignant transformation
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radiotherapy
energy carried by a stream of particles
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xerostomia
condition of dry mouth
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necrotic
containing dead tissue
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carcinoma in situ
referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures
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cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
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fulguration
destruction of tissue by electric shocks generated by a high-frequency current
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polypoid
growths that are like projections extending outward from a base
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ulcerating
characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue
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pedunculated
possessing a stem or stalk, characteristic of some polypoid tumors
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sessile
having no stem, characteristic of some polypoid tumors
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mucinous
containing mucous
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oncology
study of cancer medicine
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dysplastic
abnormal-appearing cells, not clearly cancerous
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pleomorphic
composed of a variety of types of cells
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neuroblastoma
immature brain tumor
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angiogenesis
process of forming new blood vessels
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adenocarcinoma
a cancer that develops in the lining or inner surface of an organ
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biopsy
to remove a tumor by cutting
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transplant
an organ that is donated by one patient while the patient who needs the organ, recieves the new functioning organ
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"chemo"
chemotherapy- treatment that uses chemicals (drugs)
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