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What muscle is present in the superficial perineal fascia in the scrotum?
Dartos muscle
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What is the crura of the penis? Where does it attach?
Corpa cavernosa that are attached to the ischiopubic rami
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What forms the glans penis?
Corpus spongiosum
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Where is the external urethral orfice located?
In the glans penis, which is made of the corpus spongiosum
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What is are the layers surrounding the erectile tissue of the penis to the skin?
- Tunica albuginea
- Deep fascia of the penis
- Superficial perineal fascia
- Skin
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Where does the round ligament of the uterus attach?
In the labia majora
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What do the 2 folds of the labia minora make?
- Superior folds: prepuce of the clitoris
- Inferior folds: frenulum of the clitoris
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What is found in the vestibule of the vagina?
- Urethra
- Vagina
- Paraurethral glands
- Greater vestibular glands
- Many lesser vestibular glands
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What does the body of the clitoris consist of?
- 2 corpa cavernosa
- Thin band of erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)
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What is the inferior and superior boundry of the superficial perineal space?
- Inferior/Floor: Superficial perineal fascia
- Superior/Roof: Perineal membrane
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Where does the superficial perineal fascia attach in the perineal space?
- Inferolaterally: Fascia lata of thigh
- Laterally: Ischiopubic rami
- Posteriorly: Free margin of perineal membrane
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What is located in the superficial perineal space?
- Crura
- Bulb of Penis
- Vestibular bulb
- Superficial transversus perinei
- Greater vestibular glands
- Perineal body
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What is the crus of the penis/clitoris covered by? What is its origin/insertion and function?
- Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity and Ischiopubic ramus
- Insertion: Sides fo the crus
- Function: Maintain erection
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What is the bulb of the penis covered by? What is its origin/insertion and function?
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Origin: Median raphe and perineal body
- Insertion: Perineal membrane, corpus spongiosum, deep fascia on the dorsum of the penis
- Function: Expel semen/urine, maintain erection
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What is the origin/insertion and function of the superficial transversus perinei?
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Perineal body
- Function: Stabilize the perineal body
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What is the funciton of the greater vestibular glands? Their other name?
- Bartholin's Glands
- Function: Secrete mucus to lubricate external genitals
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What muscles form the perineal body?
- Bulbospongiosus
- External anal sphincter
- Transversus perinei
- Levator ani
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What is the deep perineal space? What are its layers?
- Urogenital diaphragm
- 3 layers: Inferior layer of fascia (perineal membrane), muscle layer, and superior layer of fascia
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What are the contents of the deep perineal space?
- Deep transversus perinei
- Sphincter urethrae
- Bulbourethral glands
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What is the origin/insertion/function of the deep transversus perinei?
- Origin: Ischial rami
- Insertion: Perineal body
- Function: Stabilize perineal body
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What is the origin and function of the sphincter urethrae?
- Origin: Inferior pubic rami
- Encircle the membraneous urethra (male)
- Function: Voluntary sphincter
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Name the layers of the perineal spaces from most superior to most inferior:
- Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani)
- Superior fascia of the UG diaphragm
- Muscles of the UG diaphragm
- Perineal membrane (inferior UG fascia)
- Superficial perineal space
- Superficial perineal fascia
- Skin
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Trace the path of the pudendal nerve:
- Out through greater sciatic foramen
- Crosses sacrospinous ligament
- Enters lesser sciatic foramen
- Enters pudendal canal
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What nerves branch from the pudendal nerve? What do they supply?
- Inferior rectal: External anal sphincter/anal canal
- Perineal nerve: Branches into the posterior scrotal/labial nerve and the deep perineal nerve
- Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris: Sensory to crura, corpus cavernosa and distal 2/3 of the skin of the penis/clitoris
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What does the posterior scrotal/labial nerve provide?
- Motor to perineal muscles
- Sensory to erectile tissues of penile/vestibular bulb and corpus spongiosum
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What is additional innervation to the perineum provided by?
- Anteiror scrotal/labial nerves (branches of ilioinguinal (L1) and genitofemoral (L1,2))
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-3): Posteiror scrotum/labium majus
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What are the branches from the internal pudendal artery?
- Inferior rectal arteries
- Perineal artery: Divides into the posterior scrotal/labial branches and the transverse perineal branch
- Artery to the bulb
- Deep artery of the penis
- Dorsal artery of the penis
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Where does the inferior rectal artery arise?
Ischioanal fossa
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Where does the perineal artery arise?
Urogenital diaphgram
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Where does the artery to the bulb arise?
Deep perineal space
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What lymphatics drain into the internal iliac nodes?
- Deep perineal space
- Membraneous urethra
- Female urethra
- Upper portion of vagina
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What lymphatics drain into the para aortic nodes?
Testes
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Where do most of the perineal structures drain?
Superficial inguinal nodes
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