Chapter 18

the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus that is contigent on a particular response, with an attendant increase in the frequency of that response

the fact that increasingly large doses of drugs must be taken to achieve a particular effect; caused by compensatory mechanisms that oppose the effect of the drug

the appearance of symptoms opposite to those produced by a drug when the drug is suddenly no longer taken; caused by the presence of compensatory mechanisms

a drug that blocs (mu) opiate receptors; antagonizes the reinforcing and sedative effects of opiates

sudden withdrawal from long-term administration of a drug caused by cessation of the drug and administration of an antagonistic drug