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Normal Microbiota of the Skin
Gram +tive
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salt-tolerant bacteria
- Staphylococci
- Micrococci
- Diphtheroids
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Aerobes on surface
Corynebacterium xerosis
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Anaerobes in hair follicles
Propionibacterium acnes
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Yeast on skin
Malassezia furfur
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Exanthem
Skin rash arising from another disease infection
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Enanthem
Mucous membrane rash arising from another disease infection
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Skin Lesion - 1cm with fluid
Vesicle
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Skin Lesion - Larger than 1 cm
Bulla
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Skin Lesion - Flat redden lesions
Macule
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Skin Lesion - Raised lesions are called
Papule
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Skin Lesion - Raised lesions with pus are called
Pustule
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Folliculitis
Infections of the hair follicles
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Sty
Folliculitis of an eyelash
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Furuncle
Abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
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Carbuncle
Inflammation of tissue under the skin
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Impetigo
crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation
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Scalded skin syndrome
Bullous impetigo
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
Gram-positive cocci, non-coagulase
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Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-positive cocci, coagulase
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections
- Folliculitis
- Sty
- Furuncle
- Carbuncle
- Impetigo
- Scalded skin syndrome
- Bullous impetigo
- Impetigo of the newborn
- Toxic shock Syndrome (TSS)
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Streptococcal Skin Infections
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
- Hemolysins
- Hyaluronidase
- Stretolysins
- M proteins
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Erysipelas
- Impetigo
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Streptococcal Impetigo usually occurs in
Adult
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Staphylococcal Impetigo usually occurs in
Children
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Gram-negative, aerobic rod
- Pyocyanin produces a blue-green pus
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Infections by Pseudomonads
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pseudomonas dermatitis
- Otitis externa or “swimmer’s ear”
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Buruli Ulcer is caused by ___
Mycobacterium ulcerans
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Classifications of Acne
- Comedonal (mild) acne
- Inflammatory (moderate) acne
- Nodular cystic (severe) acne
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Nodular cystic (severe) acne is treated with
Isotretinoin
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Warts - Papillomaviruses removal treatment
- Cryotherapy (Freezing)
- Electrodesiccation (Burning)
- Salicylic acid (Asprin, Acids)
- Sugery
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Monkeypox is prevented by ___
smallpox vaccination
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Chicken pox virus may remain latent in ___
dorsal root ganglia
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Breakthrough varicella occurs in
chickenpox vaccinated people
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Acyclovir may lessen symptoms of
Shingles
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Herpes Simplex HSV-1 can remain latent in ___
trigeminal nerve ganglia
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Measles(Rubeola) virus is transmitted by ___
respiratory route
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Congenital rubella syndrome causes
severe fetal damage
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List of skin rashes
- 1. Measles
- 2. Scarlet fever
- 3. Rubella
- 4. Filatov Dukes disease (mild scarlet fever)
- 5. Fifth disease / Erythema infectiosum
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Roseola caused by human herpesvirus
6(HHV-6) & 7(HHV-7)
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Dermatomycoses is
fungal infection of skin
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Dermatomycoses also known as tineas or ringworm are
- Tinea captis (Dandruff)
- Tinea cruis (Jock itch)
- Tinea pedis (Athletes foot)
- Tinea unguium (Nails)
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Genera of fungi
- Trichophyton : Infects hair, skin, and nails
- Epidermophyton : Infects skin and nails
- Microsporum : Infects hair and skin
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Trichophyton Infects
hair, skin, and nails
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Epidermophyton Infects
skin and nails
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Microsporum Infects
hair and skin
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Fulminating disease can result in
immunosuppressed individuals, Treatment: Fluconazole
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Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by ___
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Conjunctivitis commonly caused by ___
Haemophilus influenzae
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Keratitis
- Inflammation of the cornea
- Fusarium and Aspergillus (Africa and Asia)
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Herpetic keratitis
- Caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).
- Infects cornea and may cause blindness
- Treated with trifluridine
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Acanthamoeba keratitis
Transmitted via water
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