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List the four major nerve plexuses.
- cervical
- brachial
- lumbar
- sacral
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Which spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?
C1-C5
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What does the cervical plexus innervate?
the neck and top part of the shoulders
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What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
the phrenic nerve
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Which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
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The brachial plexus innervates what three things?
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Hitting our "funny bone" is actually the pinching or compressing of the:
ulnar nerve
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Constriction of the median nerve can lead to what condition?
carpal tunnel syndrome
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What spinal nerves form the lumbar and sacral plexuses respectively?
- Lumbar - L1-L5
- Sacral - L4-S5
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The lumbar/sacral plexus innervates the:
abdominal wall and legs
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Which nerve runs through the middle of the thigh and can cause pain or tingling due to it's compression in the back?
the sciatic nerve
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Functional groups of neurons are known as:
neuronal pools
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List the number of sensory, motor, and interneurons respectively.
- sensory - 10 million
- motor - 0.5 million
- interneurons - 20 billion
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One neuron that branches off and then those branches branch off is an example of information _______.
divergence
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Several neurons that synapse on a single neuron are exhibiting:
convergence
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The processing information in a series of steps or locations is known as _______ processing.
serial
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Divergence of information followed by serial processing in each branch is known as:
parallel processing
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Increasing the initial stimulus through a positive feedback loop is known as:
reverberation
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Which type of reflexes are present at birth?
innate reflexes
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List the two ways that reflexes are classified based on development.
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Reflex responses can be either:
- visceral (autonomic)
- somatic (skeletal muscle)
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When you label a reflex as either monosynaptic or polysynaptic, you are classifying based on:
complexity
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List the two processing sites for reflexes.
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List the five steps of the reflex arc.
- receptors monitor the environment
- sensory neuron carries stimulus through the dorsal root into the spinal cord
- interneuron integrates sensory information and figures out the correct motor response
- motor neuron carries response through ventral root
- effector manifests motor response
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How does the stretching reflex work?
by stimulating an antagonistic muscle to contract and relieve the stretch
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How does the tendon reflex work?
by turning on/off antagonistic pairs of muscles to relieve stress on the tendon
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What does the cross extensor reflex allow you to do?
pick up a foot and transfer weight to the other foot
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When you step on a tack with your right foot, your reflex response is to _______ your quads and _______ your hamstrings.
inhibit, contract
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In order to transfer weight to your left foot, your hamstrings must _______ and your quads must _______.
relax, contract
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Integration of sensory and motor information is done in the ________ matter of the spinal cord.
gray
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