Works for sounds greater than 1000Hz because of sound shadow
Cone of Confusion:
positions in space where all sounds produce the same ITDs and ILDs
Solution to Cone of confusion:
moving our head creates ILD/ITD differences
Pinna Cues
Sounds approaching pinna from the front are reflected into the ear canal differently than sounds approaching from other direcctions
Creates Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTF)
Gives us location information
Bats-
Experts at sound localization
Echolocation:
using echoes of self produced sounds from objects to learn about environment
Compare emitted sound with sound that bounces back to locate and identify objects
Head related transfer function:
A function that describes how the pinna, ear canal, head, and torso change the intensity of sounds with different frequencies that arrive at each ear from different locations in space
Inverse square law
principle stating that as distance from a source increases, intensity decreases faster such that decrease in intensity is the distance squared
Attack:
The part of a sound during which amplitude increases (onset)
Decay:
The part of a sound during which amplitude decreases (offset)
Azimuth
the angle of a sound source on the horizontal plane relative to a point in the center of the head between the ears