-
1) The combined mass of all the asteroids in the asteroid belt is
less than that of any terrestrial planet.
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2) Europa moon is considered likely to have a
deep, subsurface ocean of liquid water
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3) the size of the largest asteroid
is 1,000 km
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4) How many more times is the atmospheric pressure in Jupiter's core greater than the atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface?
100 million
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5) the Sun generates energy today
by nuclear fusion
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6) When do comets generally begin to form a tail?
inside of Jupiter's orbit
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7) Why do asteroids and comets differ in composition?
Asteroids formed inside the frost line, while comets formed outside.
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8) Falling stars and shooting stars are simply other names for
meteors.
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9) the Sun loses 4 million tons of its mass through
nuclear fusion per second.
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10) the average temperature of the surface of the Sun is
6,000 K
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11) How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?
by contracting, changing gravitational potential energy into thermal energy
-
12) The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces
- energy is
- 4 H =1 He + energy
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13) the most abundant gas in Titan's atmosphereis
nitrogen
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14) What is the Great Red Spot?
The Great Red Spot is a long-lived, high-pressure storm on Jupiter.
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15) What is the hydrosphere?
a name for the liquid and frozen water on Earth's surface
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16) An icy leftover planetesimal orbiting the Sun is
a comet.
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17) What process has shaped Earth's surface more than any other?
plate tectonics
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18) In order to have a comet named after you, you have to be one of
- the first three discoverers who report it to the International
- Astronomical Union (IAU).
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19) Titan moon has
a thick atmosphere.
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20) Which is closest to the average distance between asteroids in the asteroid belt
1 million km
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21) How much energy does Jupiter emit compared with how much it receives from the Sun?
It emits twice as much.
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22) How do the jovian planet interiors differ?
All have cores of about the same mass, but differ in the amount of surrounding hydrogen and helium.
-
23) The most volcanically active body in our solar system is
Io.
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24) How thick are Saturn's rings from top to bottom?
a few tens of meters
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25) What are coronal holes?
areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming the solar wind
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26) What is the most important reason why an icy moon is more likely to be geologically active than a rocky moon of the same size?
Ice has a lower melting point than rock.
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27) Most meteorites are
rocky and primitive.
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28) How does the largest asteroid, Ceres, compare in size to other solar system worlds?
It is about half the size of Pluto.
-
29) What is the Sun made of?
70 percent hydrogen, 28 percent helium, 2 percent other elements
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30) The phase of matter in the Sun is
plasma.
-
31)Europa thought to have a
deep, subsurface ocean of liquid water
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32) Where are the Trojan asteroids located?
along Jupiter's orbit, 60degree ahead of and behind Jupiter
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33) When is/was gravitational contraction an important energygeneration mechanism for the Sun?
when the Sun was being formed from a collapsing cloud of gas
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34) Overall, Jupiter's composition is most like that of
the Sun.
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35) Why do Uranus and Neptune have blue methane clouds but Jupiter and Saturn do not?
Methane does not condense into ice in the warmer atmospheric temperatures of Jupiter and Saturn.
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36) Why do sunspots appear dark in pictures of the Sun?
They actually are fairly bright but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding Sun.
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37) What observations characterize solar maximum?
We see many sunspots on the surface of the Sun.
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38) What is the solar wind?
It is the name we give to the gas (or plasma) particles flowing outward from the surface of the Sun into the solar system.
-
41) Pluto was discovered
about 70 years ago
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42) Uranus and Neptune have methane clouds but Jupiter and Saturn do not. Which factor explains why?
Temperatures on Jupiter and Saturn are too high for methane to condense.
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43) The four Galilean moons around Jupiter are
a mixture of rock and ice, with the ice fraction increasing with distance from Jupiter.
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44) How can we best observe the Sun's chromosphere and corona?
The chromosphere is best observed with ultraviolet telescopes and the corona is best observed with X-ray telescopes.
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45) What are the spokes in Saturn's rings?
particles of dust suspended above the rings by magnetic forces
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46) What is the typical size of comets that enter the inner solar system?
10 km
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47) CO2, H2O, are
greenhouse gases
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48) the plasma tail of a comet
points most directly away from the Sun
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49) What drives the motion of the continental plates on Earth?
convection cells in the mantle
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50) Comets are
balls of ice and dust.
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51) Ganymede is
the largest moon in the solar system
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52) Why does Jupiter have several distinct cloud layers?
Different layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures.
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53) How does the strength of Jupiter's magnetic field compare to that of Earth's magnetic field?
Jupiter's magnetic field is about 20,000 times as strong as Earth's.
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54) Which layer of the Sun do we normally see?
photosphere
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55) The core of the Sun is
hotter and denser than the surface.
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56) Meteorites can come from
the cores of asteroids. ancient lava flows. the Moon. Mars.
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57) How is the sunspot cycle directly relevant to us here on Earth?
Solar flares and other activity associated with the sunspot cycle can disrupt radio communications and knock out sensitive electronic equipment.
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58) Charon is
Pluto's moon
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59) What is a meteorite?
a fragment of an asteroid from the solar system that has fallen to the earth's surface
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