-
meiosis
- makes egg and sperm
- 23 chromosomes
- 4 cells (n)
-
mitosis
- 2 cells
- function: tissue growth and repair
- 2 cells
- 46 chromosomes
-
transcription
- RNA polymerase binds to DNA, seperating the strands
- 1 strand is used as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of DNA
- triplet condons
-
translation
- nucleic acid language is translated into the language of proteins (amino acid sequence)
- mRNA is decoded into a polypeptide chain
- both tRNA and mRNA and rRNA
-
mRNA
molecules that carry copies of therse intructions for he genes to assemble into amino acids
-
tRNA
transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA
-
replication
- DNA molecule seperates into 2 strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing
- enzymes unzip the DNA
-
what is differentiation
- when certain cells become specialized
- efficent in doing only some things well
-
misoderm
gives rise to the muscles and initial organs
-
endoderm
gives rise to the glands and musosae
-
ectoderm
gives rise to skin and nervous system
-
epitheleal tissue
- lines orans internally and externally
- protects, allows absorption, filtration, secretion
-
characteristics of epitheleal tissue
- packed in
- no blood supply
- exposed surface (internally or externally)
-
types of epitheleal tissue:
-
celluar arrangements
- simple-1 layer
- stratified--more than 1 layer
- pseudo--messy layers
-
skeletal muscle
- long and thin
- striated (lines)
- multi nucleated
- voluntary--we choose to move
-
cardiac
- intercollated disc--allows electrical impulses to flow
- striated
- involuntary
-
smooth
- visceral
- spindle shaped
- non-striated
- single-nuclei
- gastro
-
muscles
- good blood supply
- thats why red
-
purpose of connective tissue
to help and support tissues
-
connective tissue
- scattered cells within the matrix
- hard , solid tissue to watery tisse
- most matrices are made of protein
- little blood supply
-
classifcation of connective tissue:
- fibrous connective tissue
- made of protein
- not elastic
-
ligament
connects bone to bone
-
tendons
- bone to ligament
- heal slower than bone
-
adipose tissue purpose
- insulate
- protect
- breast
- hormonal balance
-
hyaline cartilage (connective tissue)
- flexible but maintains shape
- matrix: solid but flexible
- buffer between bones to absord impact
- forms framework
- found in bones, ribs, larynx
-
osseos connective tissue
- bones living tissue
- matrix of the bone is calcium mineral and protein
-
Haversian system
orderly cell pattern (like in the bone)
-
blood tissue
- liquid tissue
- matrix: plasma
- white, red, platelets
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