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Viro Final III

  1. Where does influenzavirus replicate in the cell(2)?
    • Nucleus
    • Cytoplasm
  2. What are the two subtypes of Type A influenzavirus(2)?
    • Hemagglutinin (HA) (16 different ones)
    • Neuraminidase (NA) (9 different ones)
  3. Which influenza viruses are H7N7 and H3N8?
    • Eq Influenza 1
    • Eq Influenza 2
  4. Where does equine influenza initially replicate?
    epithelial cells of upper and lower respiratory tract
  5. What are the clinical signs of an equine influenza infection (5)?
    • Pyrexia
    • Congestion
    • Serous nasal discharge
    • Conjunctivitis
    • Cough
  6. How is equine influenza virus infection diagnosed (8)?
    • Isolation(chk embryo)
    • Hemagglutination act.
    • Cell cultures
    • Hemadsorption
    • Immunofluor & Immunohistochem
    • Hemagglut inhibi
    • ELISA
    • RT-PCR
  7. How is equine influenza infection prevented?
    Inactivated vaccines
  8. How is swine influenza infection prevented?
    Inactivated vaccine
  9. What are the two mechanisms of antigenic change in influenza virus (2)?
    • Genetic drift (point mutation)
    • Genetic shift (reassortment)
  10. H1N1 is a triple reassortment of which flu viruses (3)?
    • Classical swine flu
    • Avian flu
    • Human flu
  11. Which animals are considered the host for canine distemper virus (hard pad disease) (5)?
    • Dogs/Wolves
    • Foxes
    • Ferrets
    • Raccoons
    • Skunks
  12. How is canine distemper virus transmitted (3)?
    • Aerosol
    • Body fluids
    • Urine and feces
  13. Where does initial virus replication occur in canine distemper virus?
    Lymphoid tissue of respiratory tract
  14. What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus infection (7)?
    • Runny nose
    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhea
    • Anorexia
    • Labored breathing
    • Neurological signs
    • Death
  15. How is canine distemper virus infection prevented (3)?
    • Modified live vaccine
    • MLV measles vaccine
    • Canarypox virus vectored vaccine
  16. How is canine distemper virus infection diagnosed (3)?
    • Buffy coat analysis
    • Urine and bone marrow used for immunofluorescence
    • RT PCR
  17. How is Hendra virus transmitted?
    Direct contact with saliva or nasal secretions
  18. What are the clinical signs of hendra virus infection (7)?
    • Anorexia
    • Depression
    • Fever
    • Coughing
    • Frothy nasal discharge
    • Ataxia
    • Head pressing
  19. Which animals are infected by hendra virus(2)?
    • Humans
    • Horses
  20. Which animals are considered natural reservoirs for hendra and nipah virus?
    Fruit bats
  21. Which viruses are in the genus Henipavirus(2)?
    • Hendra virus
    • Nipah virus
  22. How is hendra virus infection diagnosed(#)?
    • Virus isolation in Vero cells
    • Immunohistochemistry
    • Virus neutralization test with two separate serum samples
  23. How is hendra virus infection prevented?
    No vaccine
  24. Which animals are considered the host for Nipah virus?
    Pigs
  25. What are the clinical signs of a nipah virus infection in pigs (3)?
    • Fever
    • Respiratory signs
    • Encephalitis
  26. How is Nipah virus diagnosed (5)?
    • Virus isolation
    • RT-PCR
    • Immunohistochemistry
    • ELISA
    • Virus neutralization test
  27. How is nipah virus infection prevented (3)?
    • No vaccine
    • Strict quarantine
    • Active surveillance and slaughter
  28. Which animals are infected with Peste des Petits Ruminants virus(2)?
    • Sheep
    • Goat
  29. What are the clinical signs of PPR virus infection(5)?
    • Fever
    • Anorexia
    • Necrotic stomatitis and gingivitis
    • Diarrhea
    • Pneumonia
  30. How is PPR virus infection diagnosed (3)?
    • Virus isolation in primary lamb kidney cells
    • PCR
    • ELISA
  31. How is PPR virus infection prevented(2)?
    • Vaccination using rinderpest virus tissue culture vaccine
    • Freeze-dried modified virus vaccine
  32. Which animals are the host for Rinderpest (cattle plague)?
    Cloven-hoofed animals
  33. How is rinderpest virus transmitted(2)?
    • Direct contact
    • Contaminated water and air
  34. Where does rinderpest virus initially replicate?
    lymph nodes associated with nasopharynx
  35. What are the clinical signs of rinderpest virus infection (5)?
    • Fever
    • Necrotic stomatitis
    • Gastroenteritis
    • Diarrhea
    • (High mortality 100%)
  36. How is rinderpest virus infection diagnosed (3)?
    • Virus isolation
    • Detection of viral antigens
    • RT-PCR
  37. When was Rinderpest virus declared eradicated?
    2010
  38. What is the host of newcastle disease (PMV-1)
    Birds
  39. What is the original newcastle disease virus classification (3)?
    • Velogenic (virulent)
    • Mesogenic (moderately virulent)
    • Lentogenic (low virulence)
  40. Which strains of Newcastle disease virus are reportable?
    Velogens and Mesogens
  41. Which strains of Newcastle disease virus are used as vaccines?
    Lentogens (not reportable)
  42. How is Newcastle disease controlled in the US?
    Eradication (destroy infected poultry)
  43. How is newcastle disease transmitted (3)?
    • Exhaled air
    • Respiratory discharge
    • Feces
  44. What clinical signs do low virulence strains of Newcastle disease cause (3)?
    • --Respiratory signs--
    • Sneezing
    • C/S/Gasping
    • Rales
  45. What clinical signs do virulent strains of Newcastle disease cause (4)?
    • Nervous signs
    • Respiratory signs
    • Watery green diarrhea
    • Head and Neck swelling
  46. How is Newcastle disease infection diagnosed (5)?
    • Virus isolation in 9-11 day old chicken embryos
    • Hemagglutination activity
    • RT-PCR
    • Paired sera
    • Fusion protein analysis
  47. How is Newcastle disease infection prevented?
    Live vaccines
  48. What is the primary cell of infection in equine arteritis virus and PRRS infection?
    Macrophage
  49. How is porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus and equine viral arteritis transmitted (3)?
    • Contact (sexual)
    • Fomites
    • Aerosols
  50. What is the most economically significant disease of swine in the US?
    Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
  51. What are the clinical signs of PRRS (8)?
    • Lethargy
    • Fever
    • Anorexia
    • Abortions
    • Delayed estrous
    • Conception failures
    • Preweaning mortality
    • Stillbirths
  52. How is PRRS diagnosed (5)?
    • Clinical signs
    • Virus isolation
    • Antibody tests
    • Immunoperoxidase
    • PCR
  53. How is PRRS virus infection prevented (2)?
    • Killed vaccines reduce excretion of virus
    • Modified live vaccines
  54. What are the clinical signs of equine viral arteritis (8)?
    • Fever, depression, anorexia
    • Leukopenia
    • Limb edema
    • Edema of prepuce and scrotum
    • Lacrimation, conjunctivitis, photophobia
    • Urticaria
    • Stiff gait, ataxia
    • Abortions
  55. How is equine viral arteritis diagnosed (3)?
    • Virus isolation in RK-13 cells
    • Serological tests
    • PCR
Author
HLW
ID
117931
Card Set
Viro Final III
Description
Viro Final III
Updated

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