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Viro Final III
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Where does influenzavirus replicate in the cell(2)?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
What are the two subtypes of Type A influenzavirus(2)?
Hemagglutinin (HA) (16 different ones)
Neuraminidase (NA) (9 different ones)
Which influenza viruses are H7N7 and H3N8?
Eq Influenza 1
Eq Influenza 2
Where does equine influenza initially replicate?
epithelial cells of upper and lower respiratory tract
What are the clinical signs of an equine influenza infection (5)?
Pyrexia
Congestion
Serous nasal discharge
Conjunctivitis
Cough
How is equine influenza virus infection diagnosed (8)?
Isolation(chk embryo)
Hemagglutination act.
Cell cultures
Hemadsorption
Immunofluor & Immunohistochem
Hemagglut inhibi
ELISA
RT-PCR
How is equine influenza infection prevented?
Inactivated vaccines
How is swine influenza infection prevented?
Inactivated vaccine
What are the two mechanisms of antigenic change in influenza virus (2)?
Genetic drift (point mutation)
Genetic shift (reassortment)
H1N1 is a triple reassortment of which flu viruses (3)?
Classical swine flu
Avian flu
Human flu
Which animals are considered the host for canine distemper virus (hard pad disease) (5)?
Dogs/Wolves
Foxes
Ferrets
Raccoons
Skunks
How is canine distemper virus transmitted (3)?
Aerosol
Body fluids
Urine and feces
Where does initial virus replication occur in canine distemper virus?
Lymphoid tissue of respiratory tract
What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus infection (7)?
Runny nose
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Labored breathing
Neurological signs
Death
How is canine distemper virus infection prevented (3)?
Modified live vaccine
MLV measles vaccine
Canarypox virus vectored vaccine
How is canine distemper virus infection diagnosed (3)?
Buffy coat analysis
Urine and bone marrow used for immunofluorescence
RT PCR
How is Hendra virus transmitted?
Direct contact with saliva or nasal secretions
What are the clinical signs of hendra virus infection (7)?
Anorexia
Depression
Fever
Coughing
Frothy nasal discharge
Ataxia
Head pressing
Which animals are infected by hendra virus(2)?
Humans
Horses
Which animals are considered natural reservoirs for hendra and nipah virus?
Fruit bats
Which viruses are in the genus Henipavirus(2)?
Hendra virus
Nipah virus
How is hendra virus infection diagnosed(#)?
Virus isolation in Vero cells
Immunohistochemistry
Virus neutralization test with two separate serum samples
How is hendra virus infection prevented?
No vaccine
Which animals are considered the host for Nipah virus?
Pigs
What are the clinical signs of a nipah virus infection in pigs (3)?
Fever
Respiratory signs
Encephalitis
How is Nipah virus diagnosed (5)?
Virus isolation
RT-PCR
Immunohistochemistry
ELISA
Virus neutralization test
How is nipah virus infection prevented (3)?
No vaccine
Strict quarantine
Active surveillance and slaughter
Which animals are infected with Peste des Petits Ruminants virus(2)?
Sheep
Goat
What are the clinical signs of PPR virus infection(5)?
Fever
Anorexia
Necrotic stomatitis and gingivitis
Diarrhea
Pneumonia
How is PPR virus infection diagnosed (3)?
Virus isolation in primary lamb kidney cells
PCR
ELISA
How is PPR virus infection prevented(2)?
Vaccination using rinderpest virus tissue culture vaccine
Freeze-dried modified virus vaccine
Which animals are the host for Rinderpest (cattle plague)?
Cloven-hoofed animals
How is rinderpest virus transmitted(2)?
Direct contact
Contaminated water and air
Where does rinderpest virus initially replicate?
lymph nodes associated with nasopharynx
What are the clinical signs of rinderpest virus infection (5)?
Fever
Necrotic stomatitis
Gastroenteritis
Diarrhea
(High mortality 100%)
How is rinderpest virus infection diagnosed (3)?
Virus isolation
Detection of viral antigens
RT-PCR
When was Rinderpest virus declared eradicated?
2010
What is the host of newcastle disease (PMV-1)
Birds
What is the original newcastle disease virus classification (3)?
Velogenic (virulent)
Mesogenic (moderately virulent)
Lentogenic (low virulence)
Which strains of Newcastle disease virus are reportable?
Velogens and Mesogens
Which strains of Newcastle disease virus are used as vaccines?
Lentogens (not reportable)
How is Newcastle disease controlled in the US?
Eradication (destroy infected poultry)
How is newcastle disease transmitted (3)?
Exhaled air
Respiratory discharge
Feces
What clinical signs do low virulence strains of Newcastle disease cause (3)?
--Respiratory signs--
Sneezing
C/S/Gasping
Rales
What clinical signs do virulent strains of Newcastle disease cause (4)?
Nervous signs
Respiratory signs
Watery green diarrhea
Head and Neck swelling
How is Newcastle disease infection diagnosed (5)?
Virus isolation in 9-11 day old chicken embryos
Hemagglutination activity
RT-PCR
Paired sera
Fusion protein analysis
How is Newcastle disease infection prevented?
Live vaccines
What is the primary cell of infection in equine arteritis virus and PRRS infection?
Macrophage
How is porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus and equine viral arteritis transmitted (3)?
Contact (sexual)
Fomites
Aerosols
What is the most economically significant disease of swine in the US?
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
What are the clinical signs of PRRS (8)?
Lethargy
Fever
Anorexia
Abortions
Delayed estrous
Conception failures
Preweaning mortality
Stillbirths
How is PRRS diagnosed (5)?
Clinical signs
Virus isolation
Antibody tests
Immunoperoxidase
PCR
How is PRRS virus infection prevented (2)?
Killed vaccines reduce excretion of virus
Modified live vaccines
What are the clinical signs of equine viral arteritis (8)?
Fever, depression, anorexia
Leukopenia
Limb edema
Edema of prepuce and scrotum
Lacrimation, conjunctivitis, photophobia
Urticaria
Stiff gait, ataxia
Abortions
How is equine viral arteritis diagnosed (3)?
Virus isolation in RK-13 cells
Serological tests
PCR
Author
HLW
ID
117931
Card Set
Viro Final III
Description
Viro Final III
Updated
2011-11-19T22:31:27Z
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