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Class
Benzodiazepine, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant
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Mechanism of action
Potentiates effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Raises seizure threshold. Induces amnesia and sedation.
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Indications
Acute anxiety states, acute alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens), muscle relaxant, seizure activity, agitation. Analgesia for medical procedures (fracture reduction, cardioversion)
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Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, glaucoma, coma, shock, substance abuse, head injury
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Adverse reactions
Rrepiratory depression, hypotension, drowsiness, ataxia, reflex tachycardia, nausea, confusion, thrombosis, and phlebitis
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Drug interactions
Incompatible with most drugs, fluids
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How supplied
10mg/5-mL prefilled syringes, ampules, vials, and tubex.
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Dosage and Administration
- Seizure activity: adult: 5-10 mg IV every 10-15 minutes prn (5 mg over 5 min)(maximum dose, 30mg)
- Seizure activity: Pediatric: 0.2-0.5mg slowly every 2-5 minutes up to 5mg (maximum dose, 10mg/kg).
- Rectal diazepam: 0.5mg/kg via 2" rectal catheter and flush with 2-3 mL air after administration.
- Sedation for cardioversion: 5-15 mg IV over 5-10 minutes prior to cardioversion.
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Duration of action
- Onset:1-5 minutes
- Peak effect: minutes
- Duration: 20-50 minutes
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Special considerations
Pregnancy safety: Category D. Short duration of anticonvulsant effect. reduce dose 50% in elderly Pt.
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