(true/false) viruses consist of RNA and DNA surrounded by a coat of protein
true
(true/false) gram- negative bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan that stains pink
false
(true/false) once a virus enters either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle, it cant change to the opposite type of cycle.
false
(true/false) bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles and pairs
true
(true/false) chicken pox and shingles are caused by the same virus
true
(true/false) emerging viruses normally do not infect humans, but they can when humans disturb their habitat
true
(true/false) although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable or reproduction
false
(true/false) some bacteria cannot survive in the prescence of oxygen
true
(true/false) certain antibiotics have become ineffective against certain strains of bacteria. these bacteria have developed a resistance, which may be passed on from one generation of bacteria to the next
true
(true/false) bacteria lack nuclei and therefore also lack genetic material
false
biologists now know that viruses a. are the smallest organisms
b. consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat c. contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat d. all form the same crystalline shape
c. contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat
all viruses have a. cytoplasm b. ribosomes c. mitochondria d. none of the above
d. none of the above
cell organelles that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes are a. chloroplasts b. mitochondria c. nuclei d. ribosomes
d. ribosomes
we know viruses are not alive because a. they are not cellular b. they cannot make proteins c. they cannot use energy d. all the above
d. all the above
an example of an emerging virus is a. measles b. smallpox c. HIV d. ebola
d. ebola
which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell? a. chloroplasts b. golgi bodies c. mitochondria d. none of the above
d. none of the above
the virus that causes AIDS is called a. rubella b. chlamydia c. HIV d. epstein-barr
c. HIV
bacterial endospores a. occur where there is plenty of available food b. allow certain species to survive harsh environmental conditions c. are similar to human tumors d. can cause growth abnormalities in plants
b. allow certain species to survive harsh environmental conditions
the virus cycle where a virus infects a host cell and immediately takes over the cell to make new viruses is called a. lytic cycle b. lysogenic cycle c. transformation cycle d. transduction cycle
a. lytic cycle
bacteria can absorb DNA from their environment through the process of a. transformation b. transduction c. conjugation
a. transformation
E. coli is an example of a bacterium that has short, thin, hairlike projections called a. pili b. flagella c. cocci d. ribsomes
a. pili
spherical (round) bacteria that occur in clusters are a. streptococci b. staphylococci
a. streptococci
bacteria that require oxygen to live are called a. obligate anaerobes b. obligate aerobes c. faculative anaerobes d. facilitative aerobes
b. obligate aerobes
which of the following human activities is most closely associated with emerging viruses? a. absence of a vaccination program b. crowded living conditions c. clearcutting of forests d. eating uncooked meat
c. clearcutting of forests
viruses a. are cellular organisms b. reproduce only in living cells c. have nuclei and organelles d. are surrounded by a polysaccharic coat
b. reproduce only in living cells
which of the following are used by at least some bacteria for movement? a. pili b. flagella c. cytoplasmic projections d. all of the above
b. flagella
mad cow disease is caused by infrction with small abnormal proteins called a. bacteria b. viruses c. prions d. viroids
c. prions
the capsid of a virus is the a. protective outer coat b. cell membrane c. nucleus d. cell wall and membrane complex
a. protective outer coat
when tested with a gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are stained a. green b. yellow c. pink d. purple
d. purple
during the process of conjugation a. a virus obtains DNA from a host bacterium. b. a bacterial cell takes in DNA from the external environment c. one bacterium transfers DNA to another d. two bacteria exchange DNA
c. one bacterium transfers DNA to another
a pathogen is an agent that is a. beneficial to humans b. harmful only to plants c. harmful to living organisms d. nearly extinct
c. harmful to living organisms
a typical virus consists of a. a protein coat and a cytoplasm core. b. a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core. c. a protein coat and a nucleic acid core d. a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core
c. a protein coat and a nucleic acid core
spherical (round) bacteria that occur in chains are called a. streptococci b. staphylocci
a. streptococci
transduction is one way bacteria can acquire new pieces of DNA through a a. bacterium b. virus c. protist d. prion
b. virus
bacteria that can survive at high salt concentrations are the a. extreme hydrophiles b. extreme halophiles c. thermophiles d. thermoacidophiles
b. extreme halophiles
the bacteria that can survive in extreme environments and are similar to the more "ancient" bacteria are the a. eubacteria b. archaebacteria
b. archeabacteria
structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are a. cell nucleic b. chromosome pairs c. membrane-bound organelles d. all the above
d. all the above
the study of viruses is a part of biology because a. they belong to the kingdom eubacteria b. they are about to become extinct c. they are living organisms d. they are active inside living cells
d. they are active inside living cells
which of the following conditions would be unsuitable for any kind of bacteria to grow? a. temperature of 110 degrees C (230 degrees F) b. abscence of water c. anaerobes d. eukaryotes
b. abscence of water
bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, therefore, they are classified as a. prokaryotes b. aerobes c. anaerobes d. eukaryotes
a. prokaryotes
in which type of cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated (joined) into the host cell's DNA? a. lytic b. lysogenic c. neither lytic nor lysogenic d. lytic and lysogenic
b. lysogenic
are viruses living? a. yes b. no
b. no
spherical bacteria are know as a. bacilli b. spirilla c. cocci d. prions
