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Lining of the uterus
Endometrium
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Muscular layer of theuterus
Myometerium
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Pathway along which an egg travels from the time of its release to its implantation
Urtine
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Ligament hepling to anchor the uterus
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Structure producing female hormones and gametes
Ovaries
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Homologue of the male scrotum
The lablum minus and the lablum majus
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Chamber that houses the devolping fetus
Uterus
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Canal that recieves the penis during sexual intercourse
Vaginia
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Usual site of fertilization
Uterine tube
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Erects during sexual stimulation
Clitoris
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Duct through which the ovum travels to reach the uterus
Uterine Tube
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Membrane that partially closes the vaginal canal
Hymen
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Primary female reproductive organ
Ovaries
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Move to create fluid currents to draw the ovulated egg into the uterine (fallopian) tube
Fimbriae
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Female duct system consists the following three:
- Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes
- Uterus
- Vagina
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Composed of ovarian follicles (sac-licke structures)
Ovaries
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Each follicle consists of:
- Oocyte (immature egg)
- Follicular Cells (which surround the oocyte)
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Contains an immature oocyte
Primary follicle
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Growing follicle with a maturing oocyte
Graafian (vesicular) follicle
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This is when the egg is mature and the follicle ruptures; happens about every 28 days
Ovulation
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Ruptured follicle is transformed into what?
Corpus luteum
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Secures ovary to lateral walls of the pelvis
Suspensory ligaments
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Attach to the uterus
Ovarian ligaments
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A fold of peritoneum, and encloses the suspensory ligament
Broad ligament
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What...
Receives the ovulated oocyte
Provides a site for fertilization
Attachs to the uterus
Supported and enclosed by the broad ligament
Uterine (Fallopian) tube
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This is a hollow organ that is located between the urinary bladder and rectum
Uterus
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Name two functions of the uterus:
- Receices and retains a fertilized egg
- Nourishes the fertilized egg
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The main portion of the uterus
Body
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The superior rounded region above where the uterine tube enters in the uterus
Fundus
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The narrow outlet that protrudes the vagina in the uterus
Cervix
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This is the inner layer of the uterus and allows for implantation of a fertilized egg as well as sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs (menses)
Endometrium
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The middle layer of smooth mucles in the uterus wall
Myometrium
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The outermost serous layer of the uterus
Perimetrium (visceral peritoneum)
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Partially closes the vagina until it is ruptured
Hymen
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What...
Extends from the cervix to exterior of the body
Located between the bladder and rectum
Serves as the birth canal
Receives the penis during sexual intercourse
Vagina
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Name six of the external genitalia (vulva)
- Mons pubis
- Labia
- Clitoris
- Urethral orifice
- Vaginal orifice
- Greater vestibular glands
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A fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis and is covered with pubic hair after puberty
Mons Pubis
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Skin folds
- Labia;
- Labia majora, hair-covered skin folds
- Labia minora, delicate, hair-free folds of skin
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This contains erectile tissue and corresponds to the male penis
Clitoris
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The clitoris is similar to the penis in that it is...
- Hooded by a prepuce
- Composed of sensitive erectile tissue
- Becomes swollen with blood during sexual excitement
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The total supply of eggs are present at...
birth
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The ability to release eggs begin at...
puberty
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Reproductive ability ends at...
menopause
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Female stem cells found in a developing fetus
Oogonia
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Oogonia undergos what to produce primary oocytes?
Mitosis
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Primary oocytes are surrounded by cells that form...
primary follicles in the ovary
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Oogonia no longer exist by the time of...
birth
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What starts inside maturing follicle in which produces a secondary oocyte and the first polar body?
Meiosis
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Follicle development to the stage takes about....
14 days
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Ovulation of a secondary oocyte occurs with the release of... in which secondary oocyte is released
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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An X-ray examination that detects breast cancers too small to feel and is frecommed every 2 years for women between 40 and 49 years old
Mammography
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Central pigmented area
Areola
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Protruding central area of areola
Nipple
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Internal structures that radiate around nipple
Lobes
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Located within each lobe and contain clusters of alveolar glands
Lobules
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Produces milk when a women is lactating
Alveolar glands
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Connects alveolar glands to nipple
Lactiferous ducts
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Modified sweat glands that are present in both seces, but only functions in females and produces milk and are also stimulated by sex hormones (mostly estrogens) to increase in size
Mammary glands
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List six secondary sex characteristics caused by estrogens:
- Enlargement of accessory glands
- Development of breasts
- Appearance of axillary and pubic hair
- Increase in fat beneath the skin, particularly in the hips and breasts
- Widening and lightening of the pelvis
- Onset of menses (menstrual cycle)
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Progesterone does what two things?
- Helps maintain pregnancy
- Prepare the breasts for milk production
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This hormone does not contribute to the appearance of secondary sex characteristics is produced by the corpus luteum and the production of this continues until LH diminishes in the blood
Progesterone
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Days 15-28
Levels of progesterone rise and increases the blood supply to the endometrium
Endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation
Secretory Stage
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Days 6-14
Regeneration of functional layer of the endometrium
Estrogen levels rise
Ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of this stage
Proliferative Stage
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Days 105
Functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed
Bleeding occurs for 3-5 days
By day 5, growing ovariam follicles are producing more estrogen
Menstrual Phase
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List the three stages of the menstrual cycle:
- Menstrual phase
- Proliferative Stage
- Secretory Stage
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_____ and _____ regulate the production of the estrogens and progesterone
FSH and LH
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Female cycles are about
28 days in length
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Cyclic changes of the endometrium that is regulated by the cyclic production of estrogens and progesterone
Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle
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Meiosis is only completed if the egg....
is fertilized.
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What is the difference between men and women sex cell size/structure?
- Sperm are tiny, motile, and equipped with nutrients in seminal fluid
- Egg is large, non-motile, and has nutrient reserves to nourish the embryo until implantation
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What is the difference between men and women with meiosis?
- Males - produces four functional sperm
- Females - produces one functional ovum and three polar bodies
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Word Bank: Broad ligament, Suspensory Ligament, Fallopian Tube, Cervix, Lablum majus, Lablum minus,Ovarian Ligament, Frimbriae, Body, Fundus,Round ligament, Sysmphsis pubis, Urinary bladder, Clitoris, Urethra, and Vagina.
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Word Bank: Nipple, Areola, Lactiferous duct, Alveolar glands, Opening of latiferous duct.
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