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what are the names given to the folds and grooves on the surface of the cerebral cortex?
grooves are sulcus and folds are gyro
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major components of brain 
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list 3 meningeal layers in order
- 1)dura mater
- 2)archoid matrer 3)pia mater
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what type of tissue would each be composed of for the meningeal layers?
1)dura mater-dense irregular fiberious tissue 2archoid mater colllage and elastic fibers 3)pia mater fiberious filaments
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where would u find the endosteal layer of the dura mater?
top
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whats the purpose of the dural sinus?
returns blood back to venous circulation
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where would u find the subarchoid space? what is the purpose of this space?
in the middle of archoid layer and csf accumulates there
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whats types of cells make the blood brain barrier?
astrocytes(neuroglia)
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whats the purpose of bbb
regulates substances going thru brain
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what substances CANT cross the bbb?
proteins and anti-biotics
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what substances can cross the bbb?
lipid soluable by diffusion alchol,O2,CO2
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what types of cells synthesize the csf?
ependymal cells
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what are the functions of csf?
- chem. reg,circulation of glucose,co2,o2 and waste products
- protection,circulation
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how are nutrients and waste exchanged by csf and blood?
chroid plexus,capularies thru,ependymal cells
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know how csf circulates thru central nervious system?
lateral ventricle,3rd ventricle,4th,subnoid space,archovills,old csf back to veanus cirulation
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in the brainstem everything controlled can be fatal true r false?
true
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medulla oblongata what r the structures?
diencerephalon,midbrain,pons
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medulla oblongata nuclei?
- 1sensory & motor nuclei
- 2relay nuclei
- 3autonomic nuclei
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what r the sensory and motor nuclei? of medulla oblongata
hypoglossal,assesory,vagus,glossopharyngeal
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what does the vestibulovovhlear do is it sensory r motor
sensory, hearing & equilibrium
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sensory r motor and action of glossopharyngeal
- both;sensory taste in the posterior 1/3 of tongue
- motor,gagging,swallowing,salivation
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what does vagus do sensory r motor
- both, taste 2 back of tongue and hungar
- motor,innervation of nearly all organs
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accessory sensory r motor and what does it do
motor,swallowing,neck and head movements
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hypoglossal what does it do and what motor r sensory
motor ,tongue movements,food manipulation,swallowing and speech
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relay nuclei does what?
sends info
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what is the function of nucleus gracilis
sensory of inferior half of body
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what is the function of nucleus cuneatus
carrying fine touch preception of upper body
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information relay by solitary nucleus?
taste recieves,organ fullness,hunger
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function of olivary nucleus?
auditory info from red nucleous
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how does respritory rhythmicity ncenter control respiration
rhythem basic pace& dept respiration
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understand the functions of the cardiac and vasomotor centers
heart rate and contraction force
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what types of activities would be controlled by the general reflex centers
sneezing,coughing,swallowing,vomiting,hiccuping
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what r the function of the superior and inferior colliculi(midbrain)
- superior;response to visual stimuli
- inferior responce to responce to auto
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produced by substaqntia nigra? what role does this play in the body?(midbrain)
dopomine and make body contracts smooth
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functions of apneuxtic and pneumotaxic centers(pons)
regu8lation by nucli of cranial nerves. BOTH CENTERS REG BY RESPRITORY RHYTH CENTER
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nerves in pons
trigeminal,abducens,facial vestolochanter
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function of trigerminal
controls chewing
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abducens function
motor eye movement
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facial function
saliva and tears
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vestibular function
balence and equalibrum
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(epithalamus) habenular nuclei
emotional smell responce
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what hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?(epithalamus) What does it do?
melatonin;regulates sleep and wake cycles
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how does the thalamus filter sensory info?
goes to auditory coetex or not. if not unaware
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thalamic nuclei parts
anterior group, medial group, ventral group ,lateral group ,posterior group
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anterior group
component of limbic system,memory & emotion
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medial group
takes from anterior sends to prefontal cortex to provide emotional awareness
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ventral group
sends to primary somatic sensory cortex allows us to filter tactile sensations.
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lateral group
part of limbic system -sends info to associated areas
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posterior group
- sends visual signals to visual cortex
- -allows to tone out visual stimuli
- medial geniculates relay auditory into
- primary auditory cortex allows to tune out sounds
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nucleus in hypothalamus
- mamillary,posterior,dorsomedial,
- ventromedia,arcuate,paraventricula,anterior
- ,supraop,preoptic,suprachiasmatic nucleus
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mamillary nucleus
- relays info between thalamus and limbic system.
- helps form long term memories
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posterior nucleus
regulates emotion ,pain control
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dorsaL NUCLEUS
rage and other emotions
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ventromedial nucleus
- regulates appetite,releases hormones&control
- the pituitary gland -hunger sensations
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paraventricula nucleus
- produces oxytocin-contractions for childbirth
- -milk ejection for breast feeding
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anterior nucleus
thirst center-thermoregulator
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supraop nucleus
adh anti diuretic hormone-
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preoptic nucleus
hormone control and regulate reproduction
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suprachiasmatic nucleus
- regulates ciradian patterns retina light
- dark info -> suprachiasmatic tnucli->
- control melatonin secretion
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gray and white matter arranged in cerebrum
- white-deep to cerebral cortex gray-matter
- deep inside white matter
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whats the difference gray and white matter?
myalated is white,unmyalated gray
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function of projection tracts?
connect cerebrum 2 remainder of brain
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function of association tracts
connect gyri with 1 hemi L->L R->R
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commissural tracts
connect 2 hemis L->R
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basal nuclei play in learned body movements
initate and terminate
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how does the basal nuclei help coordinate movement patterns
from cebral cortex 2-> thalamus
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understand function of limbic system
emotion-motivation center
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primary somatosensory does whaat
tactile perceptions
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primary sensory cortex where and does what
- postcentral gyrus,awareness of tactile sensations
- the gyro has been mapped out by the
- sensory homunculus tells us what gyro respond
- to diff body parts
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primary vissual cortex where and what does it do
occipital lobe) concious perception stimuli
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primary auditory cortex,where is it what does it do
temporal lobepreception of sounds primary auditory
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primary gustatory cortex where and what does it do
middle, taste perception and some discrimination
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primary olfactory cortex
temportal lobe,smell
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how primary motor cortex control movement
- vol. motor hommulus, map of gyrus-tells us
- which area will control what muscle
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brocas area functions
control movement of lips teeth TONGUE -breath vocal movement
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associated area and sensory cortexes diff
- associated area anaysis from sensory input
- - differents types of tactile sensations--
- -- reconize things by touch distinguish
- shape&texture of object
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auditory association area
reconize voices radio person on phone etc
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orbitofrontal cortex does what
reconize smells association of taste
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3 diff types brain waves
theta-alpha beta
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thelta info
4-7hz extreme emotion stress
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delta info
1-5hz deep sleep
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beta info
14-30hz high mental activity like processing motor commands
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wernikes area info
reconizing spoken words arranging in coprrect order when speaking
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visual association area
cortex reconization visual association visual reconization etc d.o.g. ....dog
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common integrative area info
- info from association areas allows for
- very complex analysis of the sensory info
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prefrontal cortex
- recieves in prefontal cortex from everywhere
- for mood judgement,intuition,ex lobotomy
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premotor area
- learned movement patterns stop start
- -basal nuclei-cerebellum control the movements
- & storage site for movement pattern
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frontal eye field
volentary scanning movement of eyes
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