-
upper end of humerus
- head
- great tubercle
- lesser tubercle
-
Head of humerus
- half pheroid
- faces medially upward and backward
- articulates with concave glenoid cavity of scap
-
anatomical neck of humerus
- slight constriction at margin of head
- capsule of shoulder join is attached except medially when it descends on shaft
-
lesser tubercel
- project forward
- insertion for subscapularis
-
greater tubercle
- laterally beyond the acromion and covered by deltoid
- responsible for roundness of shoulder
- insetion for supraspinatus, infraspinautes, and teres minor`
-
crest of lesser tubercle
insertion of teres major
-
crest of greater tubercle
insertion for pectoralis major
-
intertubercular sulcus
- separates crests
- contains long head of biceps tendon
- latissimus dorsi inserts into the floor
-
transverse humerfal ligament
stretches across the groove over the bicep tendon
-
Shaft of humerus
cylindrical in upper half, triangular below
-
surgical neck
- a tapering region where upper end joins the shaft
- area of fracture
- medially is the posterior humeral circumflex artery and axillary nerve
-
deltoid tuberosity
insertion of deltoid
-
groove for the radial nerve
- behind th tuberosity
- crosses the bone obliquely, passing downwards, laterally and forwards
-
articular lower end of humerus
forms elbow joint with the radius and ulna
-
humeroradial joint
- lateral
- rounded capitulum (little head) articulates with the head of the radius
-
humeroulnar joint
- Medial
- pulley-like trochlea articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna
-
nonarticular lower part of the humerus
- medial and lateral epicondyles,
- olecranon, coronoid and radial fossae
-
Medial epicondyle
- subcutaneous
- more prominent
- superficial group of forearm flexor muscles arise from anterior surface
-
Ulnar groove
- ulnar nerve passes through the shallow groove behind the medial epicondyle
- "funny bone"
-
lateral epicondyle
superficial group of forearm extensor muscles arise from anterior and lateral surfaces
-
supracondylar ridges
attachment to the medial and lateral intermuscular sept
-
olecranon fossa
- posterior to the trochlea
- flarge triangular fossa for the olecranon of the ulna when elbow is extended
-
coronoid fossa
- anterior of trochlea and smaller the olecranon
- for coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the elbow
-
radial fossa
- directly above the capitulum anteriorly
- for the head of the radius in full flexion of elbow
-
Cubital fossa boundaries
- laterally by the brachioradialis
- medially by the pronator teres
-
Covering of the cubital fossa
- Deep fascia reinforced by the bicipital aponeosis
- superficial are the lateral and medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm and cephalic basilic and median cubital vein
-
Contents of the cubital fossa
- (MED--> LAT)
- median nerve, brachial artery and 2 branches, biceps tendon and radial nerve deep to the brachioradialis
-
florr of the cubital fossa
brachialis
-
Median Nerve
- C6-8 T1 (sometimes C5)
- arises by two roots from the medial and lateral cords
- 2 roots unit in axilla, lateral to axillary artery
- crosses the brachial artery
- medial to it in the cubital fossa
- no branch to arm
-
ulnar nerve runs?
- C8-T1 (sometimes C7)
- largest branch of medial cord
- medial to brachial artery as far as middle of the arm where it passes behin the medial intermuscular septum into poster compartment
- passes ulnar groove behind the medial epicondyle
- no branch to arm
-
musculotcutaneous runs?
- pieces coracobrachialis, continues between biceps and brachialis, inervating them all
- emerges at the lateral margin of th biceps above the elbow as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
-
radial nerve runs?
- (C5-8, T1)
- largest branch of posterior cord
- lies between the long head of triceps and humerus
- then in the radial groove between the origins of the lateral and medial heads next to profunda brachii artery
- enters the ANT compartment and passes between brachialis and brachioradialis in front of LAT epicondly
- divides into superficial and deep branches to forearm
- supplies triceps and anconeus
-
brachial artery
- direct continuation of the axillary artery
- from lower border of the teres major to 1 inch below the crease of the elbow
- first medial to humeru then crosses in front
-
blood pressure
- brachial artery is superficial for it
- BP cuff applied near mid-arm and pulse sounds are listened for in cubital fossa
-
Branches for brachial artery
- profunda brachii
- unnamed branches to biceps, brachialis coracobrachialis
- superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries --> anastomose around the medial epicondly with branches of the ulnar artery
- terminal branches - ulnar and radial artery
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