PHM 350

They block the passive reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- out of the distal tubule

• 1. Arrthymias
• 2. Muscle Weakness
• 3. Depressed breathing
• 4. Muscle Alkalosis

• 1. Hydrocholothiazide
• 2. Trichloromethiazide

• 1. Lower BP
• 2. Manage edema in congestive heart failure
• 3. Manage edmea in renal or hepatic disease

3 ml/min

Ca

K+, Na+, Cl-, H+ and Mg

• 1. Hypokalemia
• 2. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
• 3. Reduced uric acid excretion
• 4. Reduced insulin secretion (hyperglycemia)

• 1. Gout
• 2. Kidney Stones
• 3. Increase in Glucose ( by decrease in insulin production)

• 1. Furosemide
• 2. Ethycrinic Acid

• 1. Hypervolemia
• 2. Hypercalcima
• 3. Any Pathological accumulation of non-inflamatory fluid

• 1. Dehydration
• 2. Hypocalemia

They block the passive reabsorbtion of Na+, K+ and Cl- in the ascending loop of henle

10 ml/min

• 1. To correct K+ imbalances created by other K+ wasting diuretics
• 2. Refractory edema
• 3. Primary Aldosteronism
• 4. Hypokalema
• 5. Hepatic Cirrohis
• 6. Congesive Heart failure
• 7. Renin dependent hypertension

• 1. No hypokalemia
• 2. Can be used with K+ wasting drugs to prevent K+ imbalance

They will act as antagonist at the mineralcorticoid receptor to prevent the effects of Aldosterone. Aldosterone will create pores in the collecting allowing Na+ to be reabsorbed and K+ to be screted.

mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists and Na+/K+ pore blockers

• 1. Spironolactone
• 2. Eplerenone

• 1. Hyperkalemia
• 2. MR antagonist: slow onset, long action
• 3. MR antagonist: spironolactone is a progestin mimic

• 1. Amiloride
• 2. Traimterene