Chem 1211 CH.8

a chemical change produces one or more new substances

there is a change in the composition of one or more substances

change in color

formation of a gas (bubbles)

formation of a solid (ppt)

heat (flame) produced or heat absorbed

• the materials (reactants) that are used in a chemical reaction
• the substance that are produced (products)

• two or more elements form one product
• simple compunds combine to form one product

one reactant splits into two or more simpler substances

one element takes place of a different element in a reacting compound

two elements in the reactants exchange places

• a characteristic feature of organic molecules that behave in a predictable way composed of an atom or group of atoms
• replace H on a carbon chain
• A WAY TO CLASSIFY FAMILIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

contain a double bond between adjacent carbon atoms

contain a triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms

contain a benzene ring of six carbon atoms

hydroxyl (-OH) functional group

an oxygen atom is bonded to two carbon atoms

a carbonyl group, a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom, which is attached to atleast one hydrogen

the carbon of the carbonyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms

the functional group is a nitrogen atom

the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen group

• an organic compound reacts with oxygen,O₂
• the products are CO₂, H₂O, and energy

a hydrogen atom adds to each carbon atom of a double or triple bond

CH₄

C₂H₆

C₃H₆

C₄H₁₀

C₅H₁₂