geri 9 eye and ear

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
• Normal-Pressure Glaucoma
• Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

• Central vision is intact
• Peripheral vision is diminished

• Adults 65+ should be evaluated annually
• every 6 months and glaucoma controlled by medications
• A dilated eye examination and tonometry are necessary to diagnose glaucoma

• Caused by oxidative damage to lens protein and fatty deposits (lipofuscins) in ocular lens
• Clouding of the ordinarily clear ocular lens (film over the eye)
• Appearance of halos around objects as light is diffused
• Blurring, decreased perception of light and color (a yellow tint to most things), and sensitivity to glare

• Effects of elevated blood sugar caused by diabetes
• Considered a disease of the retinal microvasculature
• Characterized by increased vessel permeability
• Blood and lipid leakage leads to macular edema and hard exudate
• -- destruction of the retina

• implantation of a new lens
• surgical replacement

• Constant, strick control of blood glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure
• laser photocoagulation treatments can halt progression of the disease
• Annual dilated fundoscopic examination

• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of legal blindness and the most common visual impairment of individuals over the age of 50
• Opposite of Gluacoma - loss of central vision, intact peripheral vision!
• Degenerative eye disease that affects macula
• Causes the progress loss of central vision, leaving peripheral vision intact

• Difficulty reading and driving
• Increased need for bright light
• colors that appear dim or gray
• awareness of a blurry spot in the middle of vision
• HELLA fucking blurry, no treatment to cure it

• Wet: More rapid onset of AMD
• Dry: Slower onset of AMD

• An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the temporal artery
• Symptoms include malaise, scalp tenderness, unilateral temporal headache, jaw claudications, throat pain, and sudden vision loss
• Considered a MEDICAL emergency because of the possibility of ensuing blindness

• Can develop in persons with cataracts or recent cataract surgery, trauma, or can occur spontaneously
• Presents as a curtain coming down over the person's line of vision
• Requires immediate emergency treatment

Changes in mucin-secreting cell necessary for surface weting, in lacrimal glands, or in meibomian glands that secrets surface oil

• Perception of sound in the absence of acoustic stimulus
• Ringing
• buzzing
• hissing
• whisteling
• crickets
• bells
• roaring
• clicking
• pulsation
• humming
• swishing
• Could be problems with the head instead of ear. Very debilitating. High suicide rate.

• Pulsatile or nonpulsatile
• Subjective or objective
• Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire

• Transtympanal electrostimulation
• Iontophoresis
• Biofeedback
• Tinnitus masking with alternative sound production (white noise)
• Dental treatment
• Cochlear implants
• heading aids

• Often learn audible speech and/or sign language and lip reading very well
• Reading and writing skills may be impaired
• Communication can also be comprised for those dependent on visual cues when vision changes occur

• Must be knowledgeable about the impact of:
• Hearing and vision changes on the functional abilities and quality of life or older adults
• Vision and hearing assessment
• Prevention and treatment of disease affecting vision and hearing
• effective communication techniques
• ways to assist the individual in adapting to and compensating for these losses.

• Contribution to challenges at all levels of the hierarchy
• Meeting needs needs, such as activity and safety and security needs to the higher-levels needs, such as a sense of belonging, feeling of self-esteem, and self-actualization