HUN Exam3 Major Minerals

Major minerals include: Ca, Mg, Na, K, __, __, __

Factors which effect bioavailability of minerals include phytates, oxalates, ____ (found in teas), ___, ____ (found in wines), a person's needs & their ____ ____, and other minerals which compete for absorption

Minerals regulations functions include:
___ balance, ___ balance
___ system function
muscle contraction
___ processes (____)

2 electrolytes concentrated outside cell, 2 inside (and their charges)

Functions of sodium/potassium pump (3)

Functions of chloride include fluid balance and (3)

Ppl w/salt-sensitive hypertension are put on ___ diet

Sodium
AI:
UL:
DV:

Potassium
AI:
DV:

Ca + P crystals =

Constituent of bone & teeth matrix

Functions of Ca include: bone & tooth structure (99%), nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, ___, and ___

3 hormones involved in maintainance of blood calcium levels

Stimulated when blood Ca is low and causes kidney retention of Ca, increases vit D activation, increases osteoclast activity (release Ca into blood by brkg down bone)

Cells that break down bone to release Ca into blood

Hormone which increases Ca absorption

When blood Ca is high, ___ is stimulated from thyroid, which inhibits osteoclasts

When blood Ca is high ___ and ___ release decreases

Factors which increase Ca absorption include: vit D, lactose, optimal Ca:P ratio, ___, ____

Factors which decreases Ca absorption include: aging, lack of vit D, high ___ intake combined w/low Ca intake, high __ intake (mineral), lack of ____, and lots of _(3)___ intake

Deficiency of Ca causes osteoporosis, ineffective ___, ____ which are muscle spasms

Excess Ca intake increases risk of ___ type kidney stones & ___

Phsophorus important b/c part of essential compounds (ATP, phospholipids, DNA, RNA), Bone structure (hydroxyapatite), and for ____

Sources of P

Magnesium is important for bone health, activates ___, is ____, and plays a role in ___(3)___ function

Sources Mg

Effects of deficient Mg include hypertension, heart attack; ___2___; develops slowly & alcoholics at risk

Effects of excess Mg (3)

Structure of bone is:
__/__ mineral (hydroxyapatite = ___ + ___)
__/__ water and protein (___)

___ build bone
___ break down bone

Calcitonin vs PTH

Normal BP: <
Prehypertension:
Hypertension: >

Risk factors for hypertension include obesity, excess salt intake, lack exercise, excess alcohol, fam history, increasing age, and ___ have it more than ___ (races)

Increasing potassium intake can help those with ___

One strategy to reduce risk of osteoporosis is to maximize ___

One serving of dairy supplies ~ ___ mg Ca

When choosing Ca supplements, look for ___ calcium levels
Ca ___ can be taken any time of day
Ca ___ should be taken w/meal (acid)

When choosing Ca supplements, look for ___ or ___ on labels, which have standards for quality, purity, & disintegration of tablets