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What is the pathway for blood in the heart?
- Enters vena cava (upper and lower), goes to
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- everywhere else!
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What are the three walls of the heart?
- Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)
- Myocardium (middle layer of cardiac muscle)
- Endocardium (inner layer of epithelial and CT that lines the inside of the heart)
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What are the three layers of blood vessels?
- Tunica intima (endothelium; inner layer of squamous epithelial tissue)
- Tunica media (middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic CT)
- Tunica adventitia (outer layer of CT)
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The first part of the aorta (ascending) gives rise to the right and left...
coronary arteries
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The descending aorta in the thorax is called the...
thoracic aorta and gives off numerous branches that supply thoracic wall and organs
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What artery travels between the clavicle and first rib to become the axillary artery?
- Subclavian artery
- (second largest artery)
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The common iliac arteries then divide into...
internal and external iliac arteries
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What forms the femoral triangle of the upper thigh? What bisects the triangle?
- Inguinal ligament (superiorly)
- Sartorius (laterally)
- Adductor longus (medially)
- The femoral artery bisects the femoral triangle
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The subclavian and internal jugular veins join to form the brachiocephalic veinswhich merge in the mediastinum to form the...
Superior vena cava
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What is the longest vein in the body?
- Great saphenous vein
- Travels from the medial side of the foot, anterior to the malleolus and along the medial leg and thigh to drain into the femoral leg
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What is tissue fluid?
Blood plasma consisting of mostly water, nutrients, dissolved gases and very small proteins leaks out of capillaries and fills spaces between cells forming tissues (intersitial spaces)
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How does lymph move through the body?
By contraction of skeletal muscles and smooth muscles that line the larger lymphatic vessels
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What is a bean-shaped gland that is covered by a CT sheath that extends internally to divide it into compartments that contain dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages
Lymph node
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What happens to bacteria when it enters a lymph node?
They are exposed to lymphocytes and macrophages of the nodules which respond by neutralizing the bacteria
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___ consists of nodules of lymphocytes similar to those of lymphnodes; it is responsible for removing foreign particles
White pulp (spleen)
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___ contains numerous red blood cells, macrophages and lymphocytes;it is responsible for removing old and decaying RBC's
Red pulp (spleen)
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What organ is relatively large in children and starts to shrink after puberty?
Thymus
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The alimentary canal is about 9 meters long and is formed by the (7):
- mouth
- oropharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- anal canal
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Organs associated with the alimentary canal (4):
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
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Where is the esophagus located?
Behind the heart
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What organ is a dual gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
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What are the functions of the liver?
- Metabolic- carb, lipid and protein metabolism
- Stores glycogen, iron and certain vitamins
- Filters blood
- Detox
- Secretes bile
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The ____ functions to store and concentrate bile until it is required by the small intestine for digestion of fatty foods
Gallbladder
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What are the three parts of the small intestine?
- Duodenum (beginning)
- Jejunum (thicker walls; mostly absorption)
- Ileum (end of SI, attaches to cecum of LI)
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What is the major function of the small intestine?
Absorption of nutrients from food
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What are the five parts of the large intestine?
- Cecum
- Vermiform appendix
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
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How does food move through the body?
- Oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
- large intestine (cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon)
- Rectum
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What are the functional units of a kidney that filter the bloodand form urine?
Nephrons (located in the renal cortex region)
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