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Intracellular fluid composes ___% of total body water, and extracellular fluid composes ____%, which is divided b/w intravascular fluid is ___% and interstitial fluid is ___%
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Fluid in bloodstream
Intravascular fluid
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Fluid b/w cells
Interstitial fluid
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Sodium, potassium, chloride attract water and these ions are called:
electrolytes
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20-25% of water intake comes from:
food
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1-2 L/day of water is lost via:
urine
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4 routes of water output
- Urine
- Skin
- Lungs (respired air)
- GI tract (lowest amt)
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Fluid balance is maintained via 2 general methods
- Electrolytes
- Hormonal control
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Hormones involved in water balance
- ADH: hypothalamus & pituitary gland
- Renin/angiotensin: kidney
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____ cells in hypothalamus sense concentration of sodium in blood, stimulate thirst mechanism, and stimulate release of ADH from pituitary gland
Osmoreceptor
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Causes of thirst (3)
- Increase in plasma osmolarity
- Reduction in blood volume
- Reduction in blood pressure
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____ released from pit gland stimulates kidneys to conserve water
ADH
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When BP drops, the immediate hormonal effect is ___ release which causes ___. The delayed effect is release of ___ which causes ____.
- angiotensin; vasoconstriction
- aldosterone; sodium retention
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AI water for females & males
- F: 2700 mL/day
- M: 3700 mL/day
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Water intoxication leads to ____ which is low blood sodium
hyponatremia
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Water intoxication often caused by excess water intake w/out electrolytes, such as during ___
endurance excercise
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