botany ch9

domains

archaea, eukarya, bacteria

• Possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes

• unicellular, prokaryotes
• found in every environment around the world

eukaryotes, often multicellular

animalia, fungi, plantae, amoebozoa, chromalveolata, rhizaria, excavata

all the land plants

byrophites, pteridophites, fern allies, gymnosperms, angiosperms

mosses, liverworts

ferns

fern like plants

conifers

flowering plants

the container that holds the sperm within the gametophyte tissue

the container that holds the egg within the gametophyte tissue

the diploid life stage of the byrophytes, cells within the capsule undergo meiosis to become haploid cells

the haploid spores germinate into an alyal like filamentous body that will give rise to a new gametophyte

all spores produced by the sporophyte are of the same size

different sized spores produced. often larger spores produced female gametophytes, and smaller spores produce male gametophytes

a leaf with a single unbranched vein, may have only primitive conductive tissue

a leaf with true xylem and phloem and complex venation

fern leaf

fiddle head growth habit

a cluster of sporangia on the abaxial surface of the frond

an umbrella like structure that covers the sorus

individual capsules containing many spores, on a stalk

ring of thickened cells on he sporangium, snap open to release spores

• xylem, no vessel elements.
• softwood, many evergreen
• extremely slow life cycles

contain largest, oldest trees. often evergreen

haploid generation of plant, gametes are produced directly from the tissue via mitosis

the diploid generation of plant, haploid spores are produced via meiosis

the structure that houses the spores

liverworts, hornworts, mosses. small plants, haploid stage is dominant life stage

heart shaped gametophyte in the fern

hair like water absorbing structures on the prothallus

• sporophyte generation is dominant
• seed plants
• naked seeds

diploid embryo packaged for dispersal

• conferopyta
• cyadophyta
• ginkgophyta
• gnetophyta

evergreen conifers

cyads- tropical extremely old lineage

ginkgo- was nearly extinct. only a single species exist

tropical vines, fleshy cones

female

leaf like structure bearing female spores

structure that contains female megaspore, immediately goes through meiosis to make haploid femal gametophyte

megasporangium + egg ( in the archegonia)+ integument

nutritive tissue surrounding the archegonia

female reproductive structure, consists of archegonia, produces egg

membranous enclosure or seed coat surrounding the female megagametophyte

male

leaf like structure that bears microsporangia (pollen sacs)

structure that contains haploid pollen grains

mature haploid pollen grains

pollen grains germinate to produce sperm that fertilizes the egg

• small group of shrubs and trees
• pinnately compound leaves
• cones
• dioecious

gingko biloba, only species left