Jbeach

are hollow, fluid (CSF)-filled cavities lined by ependymal cells

• 2 ventricles that lie within the cerebral Hemisphere
• Separated from one another by the Septum Pellucidum

• In the Diencephalon
• connected to the Lateral Ventricles by the Interventricular Foraman

Is continuous with the thrid via the cerebral aqueduct in the hind brain

• Deep grooves ( deeper than sulci)
• Separates large regoins of the brain

Divides the Right and left cerebrum

Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum

• Gyrus- the ridges of brian
• Separated by Sulci

Lies on frontal lobe side of Central Sulcus

Lies on parietal lobe side of Central Sulcus

Sulcus- Sallow grooves (indent of wrinkles of the brain

Separates the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe

Separates the Temporal Lobe from the Parietal and Frontal Lobes on lateral side

Separates the parietal lobe from the Occipital lobe on the Medial Side

Lies deep within the lateral sulcus and makes up the floor of the sulcus

• Superficial cortex - grey matter
• Deeper, internal portion - white matter
• Basal Nuclei-patches of grey matter that lies in the white matter

• The covering of the brain
• Superior aspect of the brain
• Can be refered to as Cerebrum

• The conscious mind that allows us to be aware of ourselves and our sensations
• allows us to communicate, remember, understand and initates voluntary movements

• Contains motor, sensory, and association areas - all interneuron Neurons
• R side of brain is concerned with L side of body and Viseversa
• Some specialization of the cortex occurs and not all regions of the right cortex correspond to the same area on the L cortex
• No one part acts alone
• Entire cortex maybe involved in one way r another in conscious behavior

• Controls Voluntary movement and lies within the posterior part of the Frontal lobe
• Primary motor and premotor cortex's, Broca area, Frontal eye field

• In the precentral gyrus of each hemisphere
• Controls precise or skilled voluntary movements

• Within the Frontal Lobe anterior to the Percental Gyrus
• Controls learned motor Skills of a repetitous nature
• Maybe invoved in planning movements

• Frontal cortexinferior to the premotor area present mostly in left Hemisphere
• responsible for motor speed and speech preparation and many volunatary motor activities

• Laretal to the premotor cortex, Superior to the Broca's area
• Controls voluntary movement of the eyes Motor area

• areas concerned with conscious awareness of sensation occurs in the parietal, insulsr, temporal & occipital lobes
• Primary Somatosensory,Somatosensory cortex's, Visual,Auditory,Olfactory,Gustatory,Viseral,Vestibular

• Within the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe behind the primary motor cortex
• Receives sensory info from the skin and proprioceptors in the skeetal muscle, joints and tendons

• Lies posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex
• Integrates sensory inputs and relays to the primary Somatosensory Cortex

• Posterior tip of the occipital Lobe
• receives Visual info
• Stores visual memory in the surrounding visual association area

• superior margin of the temporal lobe next to the lateral sulcus
• Receives auditory info stores auditory memory in the posterior auditory association area

• Lies on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe
• receives olfactory info maybe associated also with the limbic system

• Posterior to the Gustatory Cortex in the insula
• Involved in the conscious perception of Visceral Sensation

• Located in the insula
• Involved in the perception of taste

• Located in the posteerior part of the insula next to the partietal cortex
• Responsible for conscious awareness of balance

Association areas that involve a range of the cortex where signals are received from many inputs and outputs are sent to many areas

• The prefrontal cortex lies in frontal lobe
• Involved with intellect, complex learning abilities (cognition) recall and personality
• Involved in the production of abstract ideas, judgement, reasoning persistence and planning

• Parts of the temporal, partietal, and occipital lobes
• Involved in pattern, facial recognition, knowing where we are in space.
• Intergration sensory info as a whole
• -Wernickes area

• The cingulated gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus
• Provides emotional impact and establishes emotional memories surrounding events

Is involved in understanding written and spoken language

• Responsible for communication
• Between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers
• Consists of Myelinated fibers that are classified according to direction info travels

• Connects corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres and allows them to function as a whole
• Includes the Corpus Callisum and the anterior and posterior commissures

Connects different parts of the same hemisphere of the same hemisphere and adjacent gyri

Receives and sends input to the lower areas and ties the cortex with the rest of the nervous system and to the bodies receptors and effectors

the epithalamus, thalamus, Hypothalamus, and the Retina of the eye

• 2 knobs located Medial and central in the brain conneccted at the Midline by the intermediate mass
• Relay station for info coming into the cerebral cortex info in then sorted and edited (filter)

Mediating sensation, Motor actities, Cortical arousal, Learning anf memory

• Located inferior to the thalamus and is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum
• -Contians functionally important nuclei and is responsible for Visceral control

• Forms the roof of the 3rd Ventricle
• The Pineal Gland extends from the posterir border and secrets Melatonin and aids in regulating the Sleep-wake cycle

• Midbrain,Pons,and Medulla
• Organized simillar to the spinal cord with deep gray matter surrounded by white matter fiber tracts
• Contains nuclei off gray matter embeded in white matter unlike spinal cord
• Survival Center

Contains two bulging cerebral peduncles on the ventral (anterior) aspects of the Midbrain

• Forms the bulging part of the brain stem
• Deep fibers run from the higher brain and spinal cord with the superficial ventral fibers connect the Pons with the Cerebellum
• Aids the medulla in normal respiration

• Hind portion or hind brain-locateddorsal to Pons and inferior to the Occipital lobes of the cerebrum
• -Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction for smooth coordinated movements and agility subconsciously

• Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)-
• 1st 90 minutes of the sleep cycle
• Depressed Functioning
• Rapid Eye Movement (REM)-
• Occurs after 90mins of sleep cycle
• Dream stage, Increased functioning in a stage of temporary Paralysis

A calm, relaxed, awake brain

Mentally alert or concentrated brain

Sleep and Anestatized brains or an indication of brain damage in a waken adult

Common in children and in some adults while concertrating

Skills,Motor Memory, emotional memory acquired through experience and repetition

fact memory including faces, words, dates, and names