Psych Ch 13

approaches that assume that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness and over which they have no control

Freud's theory that unconscious forces act as determinants of personality

a part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instincts of which the individual is not aware

the raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses

the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the id and the outside world

according to Freud, the final personality structure to develop; represents the rights and wrongs of society as handed down by a person's parents, teachers, and other important figures

developmental periods that children pass through during which they encounter conflicts between the demands which they encounter between the demands of society and their own sexual urges

conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur

according to Freud, a stage from birth to age 12-18 months, in which an infants center of pleasure is in the mouth

according to Freud, a stage from 12-18 months to 3 years of age in which a child's pleasure is centered on the anus

according to Freud, a period begining around age 3, in which a child's pleasure focuses on the genitals

a child's sexual interest in his or her opposite sex parent, typically resolved through identification with the same sex parent

the process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible, imitating that person's behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values

according to Freud, the period between the phallic stage and puberty during which children's sexual concerns are tempoarily put aside

according to Freud, the period from puberty until death, marked by mature sexual behavior (sexual intercourse)

in Freudian theory, unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source of it from themselves and others

the primary defense mechanism in which unacceptable or upleasant id impulses are pushed back into the unconscious

psychologists who were trained in traditional Freudian theory but who later rejected some of its major points

according to Jung, a common set of ideas, feelings, images, and symbols that we inherit from our ancestors, the whole human race, and even animal ancestors from the distant past

according to Jung, universal symbolic representations of a particular person, object, or experience (such as good and evil)

according to Adler, a problem affecting adults who have not been able to overcome the feelings of inferiority that they developed as children, when they were small and limited in their knowledge about the world

a model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality

consistent personality characteristics and behaviors displayed in different situations

theories that emphasize the influence of a person'e cognitions-thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values-as well as observation of others' behavior, in determining personality

belief in one's personal capabilities; underlies people's faith in their ability to carry out a particular or produce a desired outcome

the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations

theories that suggest that important components of personality are inherited

the innate disposition that emerges in early life

theores that emphasize people's innate goodness and desire to achieve higher levels of functioning

a state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential, each in a unique way

an attitude of acceptance and respect on the part of an observer, no matter what a person says or does

standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively; used by psychologists to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves

a widely used self-report test that identifies people with psychologocal difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors

a technique used to validate questions in personality tests by studying the responses of people with known diagnosis

a test in which a person is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe it or tell a story about it

a test that involves showing a series of symmetrical visual stimuli to people who then are asked what the figures represent to them

a test consisting of a series of pictures about which a person is asked to write a story

direct measurements of an individual's behavior used to describe personality characteristics

a method of gethering data about people by asking them questions about a sample of their behavior