Auditory Perception
Sources of noise in Communication within the Speaker are:
1. poor syntax
2. Abnormal articulation
3. Improper stress or inflection
Auditory Perception
Sources of noise in Communication within the environment are:
1. lighting
2. visual stimuli
3. Auditory stimuli
4. reverberation
Auditory Perception
Sources of noises in Communication within the listener are:
1. familiarity with rules of language
2. Inablility to identify topic
3. Poor listening skills
Our conversational partner, ___________, ___________ and other factors influence what we say and how we say it.
location, time of day
Auditory Perception
Theories is Speech Perception
The neurological structures involved in speech perception, are closely related to and involved in speech production and perception is called ____________.
Active
Auditory Perception Theories is Speech Perception
Neurological structures are not linked to speech perception , they don't rely on one another are called ____________.
Passive
In the Active theory of speech perception the neurological structures in speech perception, are closely __________ to and ___________ in speech production and perception.
related to, involved
In the Passive theory of speech perception the neurological structures are ______ linked to speech perception and _________ rely on one another.
not, don't
Definition of the Auditory Training Process according to Carhart is
teaching the child/adult with a hearing impairment to take full advantage of available auditory clues.
The emphasis in Carharts definition of the auditory training process is on .......
1. developing awareness of sound
2. gross discrimiation of nonverbal stimuli
3. gross and fine discrimination of speech.
Definition of the Auditory Training Process according to Erber is ......
creation of special communication conditions in which teachers and audiologists help hearing-impaired children acquire many of the auditory perception ablilities that normally hearing children acquire naturally without intervention.
The intent (according to Erbers in the auditory training process) is to help ________ children apply their impaired ____________ sense to the fullest capacity in language communication, regardless of the degree of hearing loss.
HOH, auditory
The intent (according to Erber in the auditory training process) is to help HOH children apply their impaired auditory sense to the fullest capacity in language communication, regardless of the degree of hearing loss. True or False
True
What are the 2 general objectives for adults in the auditory training process?
1. learning to maximize the use of auditory and other related cues available for the perception of speech.
2. Adjustment and orientation to facilitate the optimum use of amplification, including CI's and tactile devices.
What is the main goal in the Auditory Training Process?
achieve the maximum communcation potential by developing the auditory sensory channel to its fullest.
Achieving the main goal acts as a domino effect, allowing __________ of more proficient speech and language skill, education enhancement and successful ___________ adjustment.
acquisition, pshychosocial
Auditory processing is designed to improve one’s ___________ skills, which will result in improved _________ ___________.
listening, speech perception
Auditory processing history dates back to the ______ century in Europe.
19th
______________ introduced a similar form of auditory training in the US in the late 1890s and early 1900s.
Goldstein
_________ _________ is systematic stimulation with individual speech sounds, syllables, words and sentences to improve speech perception and to aid deaf persons in their own speech production.
Acoustic Method
_____________ changed the focus of auditory training from severe to profoundly deaf children to including adults with mild to severe hearing impairments
World War II
Due to the VA audiology centers treating soldiers with noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)
Raymond Carhart:
Pediatric Procedures
Treatment for children with prelingual deafness......
1.Development of awareness of sound
2.Development of gross discriminations
3.Development of broad discriminations among simple speech patterns
4.Development of finer discriminations for speech
Raymond Carhart: Pediatric Procedures
Development of ________ _________ and the significance of sound involves the child’s acknowledgement to the presence of sound and it’s importance to their world
auditory awareness
Raymond Carhart: Pediatric Procedures
Development of gross discrimination initially involves using _______ ________ to differentiate sounds.
noise makers
__________ __________ are not meant to be used as a hearing screener.
Noise makers
Raymond Carhart: Pediatric Procedures
Once they can ________ grossly different sounds, the process involves discrimination tasks involving variation in the ___________ , intensity and durational properties of sound
discriminate, frequency
Raymond Carhart: Pediatric Procedures
What phase involves making fine discriminations of speech stimuli in connected discourse and integrating an increased vocab to enable them to follow connected speech in a more rapid, accurate fashion
Final Phase
Carhart: Adult Procedures
Focus on reeducating a ______ diminished as a consequence of the hearing impairment.
skill
Need to develop a critical listening attitude that involves active participation in perception of frequently missed phonemes
The goal of Carharts auditory training process in Adult procedure is
to develop faster processing and recognition of the signal
Carhart: Adult Procedures
Conducted in 3 situations: they are:
1.Relatively intense background
2.Presence of a competing speech signal
3.Listening on the telephone
Completed to simulate real-life situations with decreased redundancy Use of hearing aids is necessary when applicable
Current trends still emphasize maximizing communication potential by developing the auditory channel to its fullest potential.
true or false
True
Assessment of Auditory Skills
Should be completed before, during and at the conclusion to evaluate and document progress
True or False
true
Assessment for auditory skill is important for what reasons (3)
1.Determining need for training
2.For documentation and for comparison of pre/post therapy progress
3.Identify areas of need for future training
Nature of testing is dependent upon these 3 things.
1. age
2. language skills
3. type/degree of hearing loss
Factors affecting perception are:
performance
Nature of task
Detection,
discrimination,
identification,
comprehension
Use of open or closed set
Degree of context present
Single phoneme to sentence structure Difficulty and vocabulary age of testing materials
Signal-to-noise ratio present
Manipulation of any of these factors can increase or decrease the difficulty.
(factors on slide 35)
True or false
True
Pediatric Evaluation
What determines the training processs?
Age of client
__________ will center on assessment of emerging auditory skills
Infants
_________ __________ will need a more formal, in-depth assessment of overall speech perception abilities
Older children
Pediatric Assessment Materials
the listener chooses a correct response from a limited set of options (multiple choice) this is called?
Closed-Set Format
Pediatric Assessment Materials
the listener can respond with any word they feel is correct is called?
Open-Set Format
Pediatric Assessment Materials
Child appropriate vocabulary for testing
4 lists with 25 monosyllabic words
Points to a picture in a closed format is called the ?
WIPI
Pediatric Assessment Materials
50 monosyllabic nouns in 4 scrambled lists, Point to picture task like WIPI
NU-CHIPS
NU-CHIPS consists of 50 ____________ nouns and _____ scrambled lists, point to picture tasks.
monosyllabic and 4
The WIPI is child appropriate vocabulary for testing includes ___ lists with _______monosyllabic words in ______ format.
4, 25, closed
____ isolated phonemes are spoken at normal conversational levels is describing what test?
6, the Ling 6 Sound Test
The 6 isolated phonemes in the Ling 6 are:
/m/, /a/, /u/, /i/, /s/, /ʃ/
Residual hearing up to 1000Hz should detect _______.
Vowels
Residual hearing up to 2000Hz =
/ʃ/
Residual hearing up to 4000Hz =
/s/
Residual hearing up to _______ Hz should detect vowels?
1000Hz
Residual hearing up to _______ Hz should detect /ʃ/.
2000 Hz
Residual hearing up to _______ Hz should detect /s/.
4000 Hz
the ability to perceive a target signal that is presented simultaneously with other competing signals is?
Figure-Ground
Signals may vary from various types of noise to speech stimuli
Adult Assessment
Word Recognition Testing
involves presenting 25 or 50 word lists of monosyllabic words at a comfortable intensity level for the listener.
Adult Assessment
Word Recognition Testing
A percent correct score is calculated
CID W-22
NU-6
CCT – closed set MC
More sensitive to high frequency hearing loss
SPIN – assesses linguistic and situational cues Sentences presented in the presence of speech babble
Word Recognition Testing
Which assessment is more sensitive to high frequency hearing loss?
CCT- closed set MC
Word Recognition Testing
Which assessement assesses linguistic andsituational cues and sentences presented in the presence of a speech babble.
SPIN
break speech into smaller components (phoneme, syllable) and incorporate these separately into auditory training exercise
Analytic
global approach to speech perception, stressing the use of clues derived from the syntax and context of a spoken message to derive understanding. (uses words, phrases, sentences)
Synthetic
training the listener to control communication variables such as the level of speech, the SNR, and the context or complexity of the message
Pragmatic
The Pragmatic method of auditory training used ________ strategies.
repair
The Pragmatic method of auditory training uses ________ like therapy strategy that uses auditory-only or _______ _______ mode
conversation, auditory-visual
combines most or all of the strategies
Eclectic
Erber’s Approach
An adaptive method based on careful analysis of a child’s auditory perceptual abilities.
True or False
True
An adaptive method based on careful analysis of a child’s auditory perceptual abilities is who's approach?
Erber’s Approach
Erber's Approach
Takes into account
1.The complexity of the speech stimuli to be perceived
- Individual speech elements to connect discourse
2.The form of the response required from the child
-Detection, discrimination, identification or comprehension
Developmental Approach to Successful Listening II (DASL II)
-A hierarchy of listening skills that are worked on in a relatively brief, individualized session
-Used for preschool and school aged kids with hearing aids and CIs
DASL II
Focused on 3 specific areas of auditory skill development
1.Sound Awareness: development of the basic skills of listening for both environmental and speech sounds
2.Phonetic Listening: exposure to fundamental aspects of speech perception such as duration, intensity, pitch, and rate of speech
3.Auditory Comprehension: emphasizes the understanding of spoken language by the child with hearing impairment
-Ranges from discrimination to complex verbal messages
SKI-HI is for
comprehensive identification and home intervention
Curriculum for infants with hearing impairment and their families
- Treatment plan involves developmentally based auditory stimulation training program
the 4 phases of the SKI-HI are ?
4 phases
Phase I: 4-7 months
Phase II: 5-16 months
Phase III: 9-14 months
Phase IV: 12-18 months
Communication Training and Therapy
Emphasizes the
role of communication strategies and pragmatics to facilitate successful communication
In Communication Training and Therapy
The patient is coached regarding factors in ___________ __________ that they can control to maximize their speech perception opportunity
conversational situations
Communication Training and Therapy
things the listener can do to better prepare for communication or ensure that it will be successful is called?
Anticipatory strategies
techniques used to overcome a breakdown in communication that has ALREADY occurred are called?
Repair Strategies
These strategies help with perceiving a given message
Anticipatory approaches do what 4 things.
Minimize distance
Optimize hearing aid volume setting Reduce level of competing signals
Use situational cues to anticipate topics and words
Communication Training and Therapy
Repair
Ask for repetitions
Ask for rephrasing or to simplify the message
Ask a follow-up question to clarify perceived content/topic
Speech Tracking is used to
provide practice in utilizing communication repair strategies in conversational context
Involves having the listener repeat a phrase or sentence presented by a clinician in an auditory-only condition
Speech Tracking
Condensing Materials
Who discussed the rationale for providing a brief exposure to auditory rehabilitation at the time the patient who is HOH is fitted with a hearing aid.
Montgomery
Watch stands for.
W: Watch the talker’s mouth
A: Ask specific question (repair strategies)
T: Talk about your hearing loss
C: Change the situation (situational control
H: Health care knowledge (consumer education and awareness)
Conversational Styles
tendency to withdraw from conversations and social situations
May bluff or pretend to hear by smiling or nodding
Passive
Conversational Styles
the listener routinely blames others for communication difficulties
May be hostile and negative
Aggressive:
Conversational Styles
listener takes responsibility for facilitating communication.
