The purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway is to
A. generate ATP.
B. generate NADPH.
C. synthesize 5-carbon sugars.
D. a and b.
E. b and c
E. b and c
Hemolotyic anemia is a result of increase in reactive oxygen speices. The manifestation of the disease is actually caused by a defect in
_________________.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
The hormone ________ induces lipolysis, whereas
the hormone ___________ inhibits the process.
A. epinephrine; adrenaline
B. glucagon; insulin
C. insulin; epinephrine
D. glucagon; epinephrine
E. epinephrine; glucagon
B. glucagon; insulin
Three rounds of Beta-oxicdation of palmitate results in
______________.
A. Two acetyl CoA molecules
B.Three acetyl CoA molecules
C. Three enoyl CoA molecules
D. Consumes 3 molecules of FADH2
E. complete oxidation of palmitate
B.Three acetyl CoA molecules
The carbon atoms from a faty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:
A. butyrate.
B. citrate.
C. malate
D. succinyl-CoA
E. alpha-ketoglutarate
D. succinyl-CoA
Ketone bodies are formed in the liver and transported to the extrahepatic tissues mainly as:
A. acetoacetyl-CoA
B. acetic acid
C. beta-hydroxybutyric acid
D. beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
E. lactic acid
C. beta-hydroxybutyric acid
The elongation of fatty acids during fatty acid synthesis is
a repetition of three reactions adding carbons from __________ after each cycle until completion.
A. malonyl CoA
B. malonyl ACP
C. acetyl CoA
D. acetyl ACP
B. malonyl ACP
Which of the following is not required in the synthesis of
fatty acids?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Biotin
C. HCO3- (CO2)
D. Malonyl – CoA
E. NADH
E. NADH
Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesized
from _________________, a
20-carbon fatty acid.
Arachidonic acid
How are fatty acids longer than 16 carbons formed?
A. by elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum
B. by one-carbon additions at the mitochondrial membrane
C. by elongation reactions
catalyzed by enzymes in the liver
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
A. by elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following statements about the structure of
cholesterol is true?
A. It contains 27 carbon atoms
B. It contains only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms
C. It is completely
saturated (no double bonds)
D. It contains four hexane
rings fused together
E. Only part of the carbons are derived from isoprene units
A. It contains 27 carbon atoms
Which of the following is the biologically active form of
vitamin D?
A. Cholecalciferol
B. 24-choleclciferol
C. 25-cholecalciferol
D. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
E. 24,25 – dihydroxycholecalciferol
D. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
A patient is found to have a high concentration
of cholesterol in the blood and deposits of cholesterol under the skin. The patient is diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia. What is the likely cause of this condition?
A. A deficiency in insulin prodution by the pancreas.
B. Insufficient chylomicron concentration in the blood.
C. Overproduction of lysosomal lipases.
D. Lack of LDL receptors on the surfaces of nonhepatic cells.
E. Increased secretion of the hormone epinephrine
D. Lack of LDL receptors on the surfaces of nonhepatic cells.
Which do you expect to have the highest protein content by percent?
A. VLDLs
B. IDLs
C. HDLs
D. Chylomicrons
E. All of the lipids above have about the same protein content.
C. HDLs
Glutamate is the precursor for the amino acids
glutamine, proline, and _________________.
arginine
This amino acid, in high levels, is correlated with the
damage of cells lining the blood vessels.
A. serine
B. cycteine
C. S-adenosylmethionine
D. citrulline
E. homocysteine
E. homocysteine
In the transamination reaction shown below, which of the
following are the products, X and Y?
Glutamate >>>>>> X
Oxaloacetate >>>> Y
B. aspartate, alpha-ketoglutarate
A female neonate did well until approximately 24hrs of age when she became lethargic. Analysis of her blood revealed a drastic elevation of arginiosuccinate. Which of the following enzymic activities is most likely to be deficient in this patient?
A. Arginase
B. Arginiosuccinase
C. Arginiosuccinate synthase
D. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
E. Ornithine transcarbamoylase
B. Arginiosuccinase
A ribose sugar is added to _____________rings after their synthesis and to ______ rings during their synthesis.
A. purine; pyrimidine
B. pyrimidine; purine
C. purine; purine
D. pyrimidine; pyrimidine
B. pyrimidine; purine
Which is a common precursor in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides?
A. inosine 5’-monophosphate
B. xanthosine monophosphate
C. Orotate
D. Adenylosuccinate
