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Notochord
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Post anal tail
- -derived from mesoderm, seen at some point during development, gel between discs
- -develops into brain spinal chors, Central nervous system
- -All have at some point becuz began evolution in water
- -Animals loose in developmental form
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Urochordata
- -look like invertabrae in adult form
- -filter feeders
- -sessile
- -tunicates "sea squirts"
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Cephalochordata
- -cephalization
- -aquatic
- -lancelots
- -burrow in sand w/ anterrior up
- -filter feed w/ pharyngeal slits
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Vertebrata
- Craniates: appearance of head, protect brain, bigger brains, all bilateral sym, closed circulatory system gets oxygen to cells more efficiently
- Neural crest:dorsal hollow nerve cord from ectoderm will form cells we c in skull like jaw
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Agnathans
1. Class Myxini
2.Class cephalaspidomorphi
Gnathostomes
1. placoderms(now extinct) & ancanthodians
2. chondrichythyes
Sharks:
- -jawless vertabraes
- 1. skull of cartilage, primitive keep notochord thru life
- 2. evolution of vertebral column, cartilage vertebrae, many parasidic, lampreys
- Jawed vertebraes
- 1.jaw evolved from, effective at ingesting prey
- 2. have jaw, sharks & rays, bony teeth, bony skeleton b4 cartilage
- -fast, constant movement all ow for constant h20 movement from mouth to gill, most carnivores
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oviparous
ovoviviparous
viviparous
Osteichthyes
1. class Actinopterygii
2. Actinistia
3. Dipnoi
- 1. eggs fertilized internally, lay eggs and hatch outside
- 2. eggs stay in female where hatch and sharks born alive
- 3. Young nourished w/ placenta
- -the bony fish, operculum help move h20 over gills, swim bladder control boyency, scales secrete mucus
- 1. biggest most diverse, raylike rods w/in fin-flexible
- 2. fins more muscular, bone ext of skeleton, lobe-finned fish
- 3. Also lobe finned, rudimentary lungs still have gills, terrestrial animal evolve from here, survive in swamy area
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Class Amphibia
1.Order Urodela, Anura , Apoda
2. reproduction
Class reptilia
1. Order Chelonia: squamata: crocodilia
Class Aves
- 1. salamanders and newts, frogs and toads, look like annelids but vert. charac
- 2. external fertilization, complete metamorphisis, extraembryonic membrane-allow for true life on land, lay eggs on land
- Skin of keratin-waterproof protects from drying out, lungs, oviparous, ectotherms, three chambered heart(not alligators and crocs-4 chamber)
- 1. turtles, tourtises: lizards: croc alligators
- -scales of keratin, oviparous, from dinosours, sexual dimorphism-diff forms between males and females, large brains fro body, porous bones, Active metabolism, 4 chambered heart, lungs w/ airsacs, endothermic
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Class Mammalia
mammary glands
1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. Placental mammals
- -most vivparous, body hair, warm blooded
- -make/secrete milk
- -complex brain allow for learning, k-selected lots of parental care
- 1. oviparous-layeggs, secrete milk thru fur, Australia: geographic, allopatric evolution
- 2. ovi/viviparous-eggs hatch in body, development completed in pouch
- 3 viviparous, live birth, eutherian
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