FSCN.ch.14.exam3

• Intracellular fluid (2/3).
• Extracellular fluid
• interstitial (between cells, intravascular)
• intravascular (blood & lymph)
• Solutes (floating around in water)
• Electrolytes: cations/anions

Cations: K, Na, Mg, Ca

Anions: P, Cl, SO4-, HCO3- (bicarbonate)

Controls the amount of electrolytes in each compartment (blood)?

Osmosis: PASSIVE diffusion of water across membranes (low to high concentration).

Why? For equilibrium.

C. Gradient: difference in CONCENTRATION of a SOLUTE from one area to another.

*This pump moves ions against the concentration gradient.

• **Requires ATP.
• **Goal: "swap Na+ and K+ across membranes.

• 1) Transport of nutrients & O2
• 2) Misc. body fluids (saliva, bile, etc.)
• 3) Lubrication
• 4) R'qd in some enzyme reactions.
• 5) Sweat
• 6) Water resists temp. changes

• 1) Vary w/ body size
• 2) Physical Activity
• 3) Environmental conditions
• 4) Dietary Intake

*Males: 15 c, Females: 11 c

**80% fluid intake / 20% food intake

• 1) Urine: 6%
• 2) Aspire: through breathing
• 3) Lungs/skin
• 4) Perspiration

• Symptoms:
• 1) Muscle cramps
• 2) Decreased blood pressure
• 3) Yellow urine (Not enough H2O)
• 4) headaches, etc.

• *Response:
• 1) Anti-diuretic hormone
• 2) Renin-angiotension & aldosterone system

• *Toxicity: HYPONATREMIA
• -Low serum sodium

• 1) Water content
• 2) blood pressure

*Blood pressure increases as you GAIN water.

Cause is UNKNOWN.

• Risk factors:
• 1) Age - risk increases w/ age
• 2) Race - African Americans @ highest risk
• 3) Obesity
• 4) Diabetes
• 5) Salt intake (some people)