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Catastrophism
Earth’s geologic record could be accounted for by aseries of brief, large-scale catastrophic events.
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Uniformitarianism
the laws governing nature have remained uni-form through time.
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Original horizontality
the sediments that make sedimentary rocks are originally deposited Original horizontalityin horizontal layers
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Principle of superposition
older sedimentary rock units in an undisturbed sequence are found below younger units
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Principle of lateral continuity
sdeimentary rock layers that have been seperated by erosion were once continuous
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Cross-cutting relationships
a rock unit that is broken formed before the break in it did
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Inclusions
the material wholly included inside a rock existed befefire the rock that surrounds it did.
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Fossil succession
fossil remains could be used to identify layers of sedimentary deposits even if those layers are discontinuously spread over large areas.
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How do the principles of original
horizontality, superposition, lateral continuity, cross-cutting
relationships, inclusions, and fossil succession apply to relative dating?
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Why was catastrophism accepted by some people in the scientific community?
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Why is uniformitarianism a more
effective explanation for geological processes that take place on earth
today?
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What barriers inhibited the development of key ideas in geology?Are any of these barriers present today?
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Explain the difference between the two hypotheses of catastrophismand uniformitarianism.
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Who were the important people in the development of the principlesof relative dating and uniformitarianism?
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What is meant by “relative dating”?
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James Hutton
developed the principle of uniformitarianism and presented his publication of the theory to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1785.
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Charles Lyell
wrote and published the foundational, three-volume, modern-day textbook in geology in the early 1830’s.
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What are macroscopic dating methods?
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Explain how the following macroscopic dating methods work: Tree rings,
Glaciers, Glacial lake sediments.
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What is radiometric dating?
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How can radiometric dating be used to measure the age of different
materials?
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Explain how carbon-14 dating can be used to measure the age of organic
material.
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Explain how the uranium-lead dating system works.
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Macroscopic dating methods
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