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greenhouse effect
thermal radiation being trapped into the atmosphere
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shepherd moon
moons that orbit arount the edge of planetary rings, stabelizing it
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hydrothermal vent
very hot springs located in the deep ocean that presented us with the idea of life living without sunlight.
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tidal heating
keeps moons young and hot by the constant squeezing and releasing from planets.
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comet
they appear to move across the sky slowly, they have a structure that consists of a nucleus and a tail
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nucleus of a comet
1-50miles in diameter it is the solid central part of the comet termed "the dirty snowball"
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Coma
halo of gas and dust sorrounding the nucleus can be extremely long.
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gas tail
straight gas tail from disintigrating objects
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Dust tail
curved and points away from the sun
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long period
poriod > 200 years these come from the oort cloud and there are 12 new ones founded each year
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short period comets
perios < 200 years, 100 known, come fromt eh kaiper belt, usually long period comets "captured into shorter orbits, eventually burn out or crash, disintegrate
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Oort Cloud
cloud of comets that is one of the furthest from our sun, the other clouds are less than a thousandth of the distance from this cloud to the sun
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Kuiper belt
a region of the solar system extended past the planets where it is similar to the astroid belt however it is far larger in size, home to more frozen volatiles, such as pluto. A swarm of icy planetesimals
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asteroid
100,000 visible, irregular shaped, many are binary, very far from another, small rocky, metalic objects of the solar system.
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meteoriod
piece of interplanetary debris
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meteor
streak of light made by a meteoroid entering our atmosphere
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meteorite
meteoroid that survives earth's surface
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stones
1 out of three types of meteorites and it is 95%of all metors
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Irons
1 out of three types of metorites and it comprises of 4% of all meteors
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stoney-irons
1 out of three types of meteorites and it comprises of 1% of all meteors found
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Meteor shower
occur when earth passes through the trail of debris in a comets orbit.
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radiant
the constellation from which metors seem to radiate
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nuclear fission
splitting of a large atomic nucleus
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nuclear fusion
combining, joining of small atomic nucleui
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neutrino
similar to electrons however they are neutrally charged and they pass through all solid objects, a typical product of nuclear fusion
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helioseismology
the study of sun quakes
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suns core
where the fusion occurs
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radiation zone
in between the core and convection zone
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convection zone
circulation rapidly bringing heat to the sun's surface
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3 parts of the sun
- 1) core
- 2) radiation zone
- 3) convection zone
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differential rotation
when not all part of the planet moves at the same speed as others when rotating
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photosphere
visible surface of the sun, contains sunspots
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chromosphere
irregular layers of gas above photosphere
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corona
extends out past all the polanets as the solar wind
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3 layers of the suns atmosphere
- photosphere
- chronosphere
- corona
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solar wind
stream of charged particals ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun
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sunspot
cooler, darker areas caused by "tangles" in the suns mag feild, the number of them peak ever 11 years
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Why is the impact theory favored for the birth of the moon?
moon rocks are similar to earth rocks and not much of it has iron, it is less denser and missing and atmosphere with everything that could have been easily vaporized.
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mare
dark lava filled impact basins
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Mercury has what surface features
heavily cratered, caloris basin, extreme temperatures, very high in the day, very low at night.
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Venus
cloud covered, extremely bright, sulfuric acid clouds, however atmosphere is carbon dioxide, temp is always 900 degrees. It has similar density composition and distance and size as earth
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Mars features
olympus mons, biggest volcano, valles marineris biggest canyon, mars is very cold and dry
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moons of mars
- phobos
- deimos
- both were thought to be captured asteroids
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jovian planets are composed of
hydrogen and helium
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Moons of jupiter
- Io: most volcanically active
- Europa: very young ice surface over a water ocean
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