BEYOND MENDAL

SYMBOLIZED USING THE INITAL LETTER OR COMBINATION OF TWO OR 3 LETTERS WITH A +

• DOMINATE TRAITS CAPITALIZED
• RECESSIVE TRAI LOWER CASE

MUTANTS TRAIS ARE SYMBOLIZED USINT THE SAME LETTERS WITHOUT A +

• NEITHER ALLELE DOMINTATES
• THE HETEROZYGOUS INDICIDUAL HAVE AN APPEARANCE IN BETWEEN THE PHENOTYPES OF THE HOMOZYGOTES

HETEROZYGOTE HAS JOINT OR EQUAL EXPRESSSION OF BOTH ALLELES

HAPPENS WHEN 3 OR MORE ALLELES EXIST FOR ONE GENE

POLYGENIC INHERITANCE

EPISTASIS

ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF 2 OR MORE GENS ON SINGLE PHENOTYPE

SEVERAL GENS REGULATE SKIN COLOR

OCCURS WHEN THE ALLES OF ONE GENE COVER UP OR ALTER THE EXPRESSION OF ALLELES OF ANOTHER GENE

CARY MORE GENES THAN THOSE INVOLVED IN SEX DETERMINATION

DISTICT PATTERN OF INHERITANCE CALLED X LINKED OR SEX LINKED INHERITANCE

GENES DETERMINING THE PHENOTYPE ARE CARRIED ON THE X CHROMOSOMES AS THE RESULT THE SEX EXPERIENCE VARYING PATTERN OF INHERITANCE

HEMOPHILI IN HUMANS IS LINKED TO THE X CHROMOSOME

FEMALES HAVE 2 X CHROMOROMES AS RESULTS THEY HAVE A BACK UP

TRAITS THAT ARE EXPRESSED IN ONLY ONE SEX EVEN THO ITS NOT CARRIED ON THE SEX CHROMOSOMES

PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION IS CONDITIONED BY SEX OF THE INDIVIDUAL

HETEROZYGOTE MAY EXPRESS ONE PHENOTYPE IN ONE SEX AND THE ALTERNATE PHENOTYPE IN THE OPPOSITE SEX

IMPPACT OF A SINGLE GENE ON MORE THAN ONE CHARACTERISTIC

ONE ALLELE THAT IS EXPRESSED IN VARIOUS PHENOTYPIC FORMS

CHARACTERIZED BY A DIVERSITY OF SYMPTOMS

MITOCHONDRIA POSSESS A SMALL AMOUT OF DNA

600,000GENS IN THE NUCLEUS AND 37 GEIN IN MITOCHONDRIA

• 13 PROTEINS FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• 22 TRANSFER RNA (TRNA) FOR TRANSLATION
• 2 RIBOSOMAL RNAS (RRNA) FOR TRANSLATION

MITOCHONDRIA DNA PASSED ON BY MOTHER ONLY

• MITOCHONDRIA IN SPERM DO NOT TAKE PART IN GAMETE UNION
• AS EMBRYO DIVIDES SO DOES THE MITOCHONDRIA

ARE INHERITEED THROUGH THE MATERNAL LINE

• MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY/RAGGED RED FIBER DISEASE (LACK OF MUSCLE COORDINATION, DEAFNESS,DEMENTIA, EPILEPTIC SEIZURES)
• LEBERS OPTIC NEUROPATHY( BILATERAL BLINDNESS)
• KEARNS(BLINDNESS DEAFNESS AND HEART CONDITIONS)

GENS LOCARED CLOSE TO EACH OTHER ON THE SAME CHROMOSOME

TYPICALLY INHERITED TOGETHER

DURING CROSSING OVER GENES CLOSE TO ONE ANOTHER DO NOT GET SEPERATED

THE FATHER APART ON THE SAME CHROMO GENE ARE MORE LIKELY THEY WILL SEPARATE DURING RECOMBINATION

INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT & COMPLETE

ABSOLUTE LINKAGE

GREATER RECOMBINATION FREQUENCIES ARE OBSERVED FOR GENES THAT ARE FARTHER APART ON THE CHROMOSOMES

SUPPRESSOR GENE CAUSES THE COMPLETE REVERSAL OF THE EXPECTED PHENOTYPE

PHYSICAL LOCATION OF A GENE IN A GENOME MAY EFFECTITS EXPRESSION

MUTATIONS ARE TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE

LACK OF NUTRIENT VITAMINS MINERALS OR ORGANICE MOLECURE PREVENT THE COMPLETE EXPRESSION OF THE GENE

SOME DISEASE IN HUMANS CAN BE DUE TO A NUTRIENT THAT GENES ARE INCAPABLE OF PROCESSING

• DURING MEIOSIS SOME GENS ARE IMPRINTED
• METHYL GROUPS ADDE ON CYTOSINES
• CAUSE GENE TO INACTIVATE OR ACTIVATED

PHENOTYPE IN OFFSRPING DEPEND ON ALLELE FROM MOTHER OR FATHER