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Steps in listing an endangered species
- Notice explaining about the species and information
- Information published with other old data to “Federal Register”
- DOI or DOC makes proposal in Federal Register to list species and designates critical habitat
- Anyone can comment, yet biologists are only imp
- Delisted or declassified species taken off list when they recover
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Why listing endangered species is hard
- Exact biology of animal not always know
- People think that bc one seg of population low in number that whole species
- Agencies devoted to just adding species to list
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Criteria for listing endangered species
- Destruction of habitat
- Over use of species in sport, academics, science, or commercial use
- Disease or predation
- No regulatory mechanisms to prevent the loss of the species
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Candidate species
Those for which the agency has enough information to warrant proposing an endangered or threatened listing
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Criteria for listening critical habitat
- Space for individual and group growth
- Food, water, light, minerals, air etc
- Adequate cover or shelter
- Areas of breeding
- Protection of disturbances
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Recovery Plan
- Habitat manipulation
- Habitat acquisition
- Translocation or reintroduction
- Captive breeding programs
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Management of endangered species
- Habitat MOST IMPORTANT
- Population limiting factors (cause specific mortality)
- Reintroductions
- Captive Breeding
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Population Limiting Factors
- Genetics
- Demographics
- Behavior
- Physiology
- Habitat
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Reintroduction
Restoring animals to a former part of their range where they don’t currently occur (Repatriation)
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Plans for biological considerations must consider…
- All aspects of species survival in the release area
- Characteristics of both organisms and the ecosystem
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Effective Population Size
Number of individuals in population that are breeding
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Demographic Considerations
- Fecundity
- Mortality
- Population growth rate
- Age structure
- Sex ratio
- Life expectancy
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