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What is Change?
Organizational Change
- Any alterations in the people structure, or technology of an organization.
- Managing change is an integral part of every manager's job.
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Forces for Change
External Forces
- Market Place
- Govt, Laws & Regulations
- Technology
- Labor Market
- Economic Changes
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Forces for Change
Internal Forces
- Change in Organizational Strategy
- Workforce Changes
- New Equipment
- Employee Attitudes
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Change Agents
People who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for the changing process.
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Types of Change Agents
- Managers: internal facilitators
- Non Managers: change specialist
- Outside Consultants: change implementation experts (outside view)
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Categories of Change
Structure
- Work specialiation, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centerlization, formalization, job redesign, or actual structural design
- Organization levels eliminated change in stratagy
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Categories of Change
Technology
- Work processes, methods, and equipment
- E-Commerce
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Categories of Change
People
- Attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behavior
- Organizational development builds positive attitudes job satisfaction.
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Why do people resist change?
- The ambiguity and uncertainty that change introduces status, money, authority, friendship, and personal convenience
- The comfort of old habits
- A concern over personal loss of attitude "why do we need these changes?"
- The perception that change is incompatible with the goals and interest of the organization.
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Handling Employee Stress Due to Change
Stress
- The physical and psychological tension an individual feels when conforted with extraordinary demand, constraints, or opportunities and their associated importance and uncertainties.
- Functional Stress- stress that has a postive effect on performance.
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Causes of Stress
- Personal Factors: Relationships, money, sickness
- Job-Related Factors: No supervisor support, work overload, changing jobs
- Less performance, not at work, sick time (Bad Stress)
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Symptoms of Stress
- - Changes in metabolism, increased heart and breathing rates, raised blood pressure, headaches, and potential of heart attacks.
- Psychological- Job-related, dissatisfaction, tension, anziety, irritability, boredom, and procrastination.
- Behavioral- Changes in productivity, absenteeism, job turnover, changes in eating habits, increased smoking or consumption of alcohol, rapid speech, fidgeting, sleep disorders.
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Reduing Stress
- Engage in proper employee selection
- Match employees KSA's to jobs' TDR's
- Use RJP's to reduce ambiguity
- Improve organizational communications
- Provide a counceling program
- Sponsor wellness programs
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Making Change Happen Successfully
- Embrace change- become a change capable organization
- Communicate constantly and honestly
- Foster as much employee participation as possible-get all employees committed.
- Encourage employees to be flexable
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Stimulating Innovation
Innovation is crucial in todays ultra-competitve global environment
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Creativity VS. Innovation
- Creativity: Ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual assocaitations between ideas
- Innovation: Process of turning creative ideas into useful products or work methods
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Innovative Organizations: Common Cultural Variables
- Accept ambiguity
- Tolerate the impractical
- Keep external controls minimal
- Tolerate Risk
- Tolerate Conflict
- Focus on Ends
- Provide Positive Feedback
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