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What are the four components of blood?
- Plasma
- Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- Platelets
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Fraction of blood that is made up of red blood cells
Hemocrit
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What is a normal hematocrit % for a man? A woman?
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Plasma is 90% water, 8% protein. The 3 classes of protein:
- albumins
- globulins
- fibrinogen
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Most plasma proteins; carriers
Albumins
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____ plasma proteins consists of two types:
___ & ___ which are carriers, clotting factors, & enzymes
___ which are involved in immune system
- Globulin
- alpha & beta
- gamma
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Plasma proteins which are important in blood clotting
Fibrinogen
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General functions of plasma proteins (4)
- Increase blood viscosity
- Maintain osmotic pressure
- Buffer H+
- Provide fuel during starvation
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What are erythrocytes? What is
their function? What is special about the shape of erythrocytes?
- Red blood cells
- Transport O2 & CO2
- Have large surface area which favors diffusion
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What does hemoglobin do?
Greatly increases O2 transport but also binds to CO2, H+, & CO
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Color of oxygenated blood vs deoxygenated blood
- O2: bright red
- DeO2: dark red
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Where are red blood cells produced? What type of cells do they come from? What stimulates their production?
- Bone marrow; hematopoietic stem cells
- Erthropoietin which is secreted from kidneys when O2 is low
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What happens when erythrocytes differentiate? What causes differentiation?
- Produce hemoglobin, lose nuclei & organelles
- Erythropoietin triggers differentiation of stem cells to erythrocytes
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What happens to old or damaged RBCs?
Removed from blood by spleen
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Decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Anemia
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What is hemostasis? What are the 3 steps to hemostasis?
- Stop bleeding
- 1.) Vascular spasm
- 2.) Formation of platelet plug
- 3.) Blood coagulation (clotting)
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Damage to blood vessel which causes it to constrict to minimize blood loss; endothelial layer becomes sticky
Vascular spasm
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What do platelet plugs do?
forms around site of vessel damage and fills the gap to decrease loss (blood clot)
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What type of cells do platelets come from?
Megakaryocytes fragments
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What is the purpose of fibrinogen?
converted to meshy fibrin around the platelet plug
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Plasma without clotting factors
serum
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Secreted into blood in inactive form & are activated during coagulation cascade; produced by liver
Clotting factors
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Genetic disorder, deficiency in clotting factor, using Factor VIII
Hemophilia
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