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What is the normal pH of arterial blood? Venous blood?
- Arterial = 7.4
- Venous = 7.35
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What is the pH of Acidosis? Alkalosis?
- Acidosis is below 7.35
- Alkalosis = 7.45
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Why might someone crave salty or sour food? When is that common?
Severe electrolyte deficienies; common in Addison's disease
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- dynia
- Pain
- Cardodynia = heart pain
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metr/o
- Uterus
- Perimeteritis: Inflammation around the uterus
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oophor/o
- Ovary
- Oophoritis: Inflammation of the ovary
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Contractions of this muscle propel the fetus through the birth canal.
Myometrium
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What is the first bowel movement of a newborn called?
Meconium
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lapar/o
- Abdomen
- Incision into the abdomen
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What is the group of structures that make up the female external genitalia called?
Vulva
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Embryo = (?) weeks
Fetus = (?) weeks
Premature delivery = (?) weeks
- Embryo = up to 8 weeks
- Fetus = 9 weeks
- Premature = 38 weeks
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What is the normal heartrate of a fetus?
120-160 bpm
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salping/o
- Fallopian tube
- Salphingectomy = surgical removal of the fallopian tubes
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What hormone stimulates milk production?
Prolactin (PRL)
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What is the inner layer of the uterus that is shed each month?
Endometrium
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-tocia
- Labor/childbirth
- Dystocia = Difficult labor or childbirth
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men/o
- Menstrual
- Dysmenorrhea: painful menstrual flow
- Menorrhagia: abnormal or rapid menstrual flow
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mast/o
- Breast
- mastaglia = breast pain
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lact/o
- Milk
- Loctorrhea: milk discharge
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andr/o
- Male
- Andropathy: male disease
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hepat/o
- Liver
- Hepatoma: Liver tumor
- Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver
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- phagia
- Swallow or Eat
- Aphagia: unable to swallow or eat
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Papule
Small, solid mass under the skin less than .5cm
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Cyst
Fluid filled sacs under the skin
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Is the mitral valve on the right or the left?
Left
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Which heart valve is also called the bicuspid valve? Is it on the right or the left?
Mitral valve - Left
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Atherectomy
Removal of a fatty substance
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Wheal
Hives: small round spots with sever itching - commonly from an allergic reaction
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What is another name for hives and what is a common cause of it?
Wheals, commonly caused by allergies
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Cardiorrhexis
Ruptured Heart
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Nodule
Firm, solid mass of cells under the skin larger than .5cm
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If someone is lying face up, what position are they in?
Supine
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-manometer
Instrument to measure pressure
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py/o
- Pus
- Pyodermatitis = skin infection producing pus
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Arteriosclerosis
Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the artery. Most often due to artherosclerosis.
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ungu/o
- Nail
- Ungual (ung-wal); pertaining to the nails
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Macule
Flat, discolored area flush with the skin; a freckle or birthmark
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What is a flat, discolored area flush with the skin called? Such as a freckle or birthmark
Macule
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What is the normal beats per minute for adults?
50-100
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What cavity are the lungs in?
Pleural
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cyan/o
- blue
- Cyanosis: bluish color to the skin caused by lack of oxygen
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-sclerosis
- Hardening
- Arteriosclerosis: hardening of an artery
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Arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture of a joint (as for the withdrawal of fluid)
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Atherosclerosis vs. Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the cause of Arteriosclerosis, which is any type of hardening of the arterial walls. Atherosclerosis is caused by the buidup of plaque within the arteries
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-scopy
- Process of visually examining
- Gastroscopy: process of visually examining the stomach
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-gram
- a picture of record
- Electrocardiogram; record of the heart's electricity
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peri-
- Around
- Perocardial: around the heart
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Trans-
- Through, around
- Transurethral: across the urethra
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a-
- Without, away from
- Aphasia: without speech
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supra-
- Above
- Suprapubic: above the pubic bone
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Pustule
Raised spot on the skin containing pus
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Hyperhydrosis
Excessive sweating
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What is excessive sweating called?
Hyperhydrosis
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What is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA Node
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Atherosclerosis
Most common form of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries
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Anti-
- Against
- Antibiotic: against life
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What does too much or too little potassium do?
Causes electrical signals in the heart and causes death
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Macro-
- Large
- Macrocephalic: having a large head
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kerat/o
- Hard
- Keratosis: a skin condition with an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis
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Hypo
- Under, below
- Hypoglossal: under the tongue
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False Pregnancy
Pseudocyesis
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- pathy
- Disease
- Myopathy: muscle disease
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nulli-
- None
- Nulligravida: woman with no pregnancies
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-oma
- Tumor
- Carcinoma: cancerous tumor
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Describe an Aneurysm
Weakness in the wall of an artery resulting in localized widening of the artery. Common in the abdominal aorta and cerebral arteries
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Flutter
Atrial flutter occurs when an abnormal conduction circuit developes in the right atrium causing the atria to beat 250-300 bmp.
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Brady-
- Slow
- Bradycardia: slow heartbeat
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ur/o
- Urine
- Urology: study of urininary tract
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carcin/o
- Cancer
- Carcinoma: cancerous tumor
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What is excessive thirst called?
Polydipsia
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What does insulin do?
Decreases blood glucose levels
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Where is the thyroid gland?
In the neck
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Where is the thymus gland?
Anterior to the heart
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Lumbar puncture
- Also called: Spinal Tap
- Inserted between L4 & L5 into the spinal canal
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-ectasis
- Dilation
- Bronchiectasis: dilated bronchi
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-ostomy
- Surgically create an opening
- Colostomy: surgically creating an opening for the colon through the abdominal wall
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Arthro-
- Joint
- Arthrocentesis: puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint
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myc/o
- Fungus
- Onychomycosis: abnormal condition of nail fungus
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What is the P wave?
Artrial systole
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Infarct
An area of tissue within an organ that undergoes necrosis due to insufficient blood supply
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xer/o
- Dry
- Xeroderma: a disease of the skin characterized by dryness and roughness
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Endocarditis
Inflammation of the lining membranes of the heart. May be caused by bacteria or an abnormal immune response
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What is the sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing up suddenly?
Orthostatic Hypotension
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What is the T-wave?
Ventricular Diasole
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What are pounding, racing heartbeats called?
Palpitations
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What is Angina Pectoris, what is caused by, what is a common treatment for it?
Condition in which there is a severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. Caused by deficiency of oxygen to the heart muscle. Relieved by nitroblycerin (sublingual)
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vesic/o
- Bladder
- Vesicourethral Reflux: an abnormal condition that allows urine to flow from the bladder back into a ureter
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Is the tricuspid valve on the right of left?
Right
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Congenital Septal Defect (CSD, ASD, VSD)
A hole, present at birth, in the septum; results in a mixture of oxygenated an deoxygenated blood, this can be ASD OR VSD.
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