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Trapezius 
- O: occiput, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7 - T 12
- I: upper- lateral clavicle, acromion process
- middle- spine of scapula
- lower- root of spine of scapula
- A: upper- elevation, upward rotation of scapula
- middle- retraction of scapula
- lower- depression, upward rotation of scapula
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Rhomboids
- O: C7 - T5 spinous processes
- I: vertebral border between root of the spine to the inferior angle of the scapula
- A: retraction and downward rotation of the scapula
- -deep to trapezius
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Levator scapula
- O: transverse processes of C1 - C4
- I: vertebral border from superior angle to root of spine of scapula
- A: elevation and downard rotation of scapula
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Serratus anterior
- O: outer/lateral surface of upper eight ribs (ser"8"tus)
- I: vertebral border of scapula (anterior surface; subscapular fossa)
- A: protraction, upper rotation of scapula, stabilization of scapula against chest wall
- -fingers, serrated look on ribs
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Pectoralis minor
- O: ribs 3,4, and 5, anterior aspect
- I: coracoid process of scapula
- A: proctraction, depression, downward rotation of scapula
- -deep to pectoralis major
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Latissimus dorsi
- O: last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fasica, T7 - T12 spinous processes, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula
- I: bicipital groove of humerus (forming posterior axilla)
- A: extension, medial rotation, and adduction of the humerus
- -one of largest muscles in the body, swimmer's muscle
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Pectoralis major
- O: clavicular head- medial half of clavicle
- sternal head- sternum; cartilages of upper 6 ribs
- I: lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
- A: muscle as a whole- adduction, horizontal adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
- clavicular head- flexion of humerus to 90 deg.
- sternal head- extension of humerus from full flexion to 90 deg
- -makes up anterior axilla
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Deltoid
- O: anterior- lateral third of clavicle
- middle- lateral acromion
- posterior- lateral spine of scapula
- I: deltoid tuberosity
- A: anterior- flexion, horizontal adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
- middle- abduction of humerus
- posterior- extension, lateral rotation, and horizontal abduction of humerus
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Supraspinatus
- Rotator cuff - SITS
- O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
- I: greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet) under acromion process
- A: abduction of shoulder, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
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Infraspinatus
- Rotator cuff - SITS
- O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
- I: greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
- A: lateral rotation of shoulder, shoulder extension, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
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Teres minor
- Rotator cuff - SITS
- O: upper 2/3 of axillary border of scapula
- I: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
- A: lateral rotation and extension of humerus, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
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Subscapularis
- Rotator cuff - SITS
- O: subscapular fossa of scapula
- I: lesser tubercle of humerus
- A: medial rotation of shoulder, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa (very minor adduction)
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