Orientation.txt

at every emergency scene firefighters perform specific dutis assigned bya a__1______. They pump into high pressured____2___, connect__3____ lines to hydrants and position ______4___ to enable them to deliver water to a fire.

Their duties may change __1____ times while the company is in action.

Most calls firefighters go to are now _____1_____, about__2____ of all firedepartments provide ambulance services

Firefighters assigned to __1__ _____ units clean up oil spills.

______1____ firefighting equipment and tactics are used on urban and suburban areas, aiports and industry. These tactics dont apply to ___2___ fires and major __3__ _____ incidents.

In national parks and forest, _____ ___1__ ________ and ____2___ _________ spot fires from watchtowers and report there findings by phone or radio to head quarters.

____1___ ________ patrol to ensure travelers and campers comply with fire regulations.

One of the most effective ways to fight a forest fire is to create a ___1__ ______ by cutting down trees and digging out grass and all other combustible vegetation, creating this bare land in the path of a fire ___2___ __ __ ____.

Elite firefighters, called ___1__ _______ parachute from planes to reach inaccessible areas. They have no escape if the winds shift making this very ____2______.

Firefighters spend much of there time at the ____1____.

Many firefighters work __1_ hours a week or longer

Some places do __1_ on, __2_ off, and receive an extra __3__ off at intervels

Some work a day shift of __1__ hours for __2__ or __3__ days, a night shift of __4__ hours for __5__ or __6__ nights, have __7__ or __8__ off then repeat the cycle

Duty hours include when firefighters ___1____, ____2____, and perfom ____3___ prevention duties.

__1__% of firefighters are volunteer.

Paid firefighters held __1__,____ jobs in 2002.

First line supervisors/managers of firefighting and prevention held __1_,____ jobs.

Fire inspectors held __1_,____ jobs

__1__ out of __2__ workers were imployed by municipal or county departments

Private firefighting companies usually have a ___1___ number of members and usualy work on a subscription basis.

_____1____ firefighters fall under federal and state installations.

Public safety organization combines firefighting with ____1____, ___2___ ,and __3__ into a single organization.

Some local and regional departments are being consolidated into county wide departments to reduce ____1__ ______ and __2___ cost, and to establish consistant ____3___ standards and work ____4____.

_____1____ screening is included as employment and can be random even after you are hired.

Generally must be over___1___.

____1__ ________ courses may improve your chance of employment, post secondary education for aplicants is ______2____.

Large departments train members for____1_____ weeks

A number of departments have an accredited apprentice program lasting for up to__5__ years, these combine formal and technical education with on the job training supervised by experienced firefighters

National fire academy courses include the following: __1__ _______, ___2___ ______ ______, ____3___ ______, ___4__ ____ ______, and ___5__ ______ ______ and ________

Promotion rank is usually ____1____, ____2____, ___3_____, ___4____ _______, ____5___ _______, ___6____ _______ and ___7_____

Many places require a ____1____ ________ in fire science, public administration or a related field to move the batallion cheif level

A ____1___ ________ is needed to get into the executive fire officer program at the NFA and for state cheif officercertification

Layoffs are ____1______, even when budget cuts occur, local fire departments usualy cut expenses through ___2__ hiring new members or delaying purchasing ____3______, instea of staff reductions

In 2002 median earnings were _1__.___ an hr.
The middle 50% earned between _2__.___$ and _3__.___$.
The lowest 10% earned less than _4__.___$ an hr.
The highest 10% earned more then _5__.___ an a n hr.

Local goverment median hourly earnings= _1__.___$
Federal goverment median hourly earnings= _2__.___$
State goverment median hourly earnings= _3__.___$

Median annual earnings for first line supervisors/managers of firefighters ann prevention workers in 2002 was _1__,_____$
The middle 50% earned between _2__,_____$ and _3__,_____$.
The lowest 10% earned less then _4__,_____$.
The highest 10% earned more then _5__,_____$.

First line supervisors in local goverment in 2002 earned _1__,_____$

Fire inspectors median annual salary in 2002 was _1__,_____$.
The middle 50% earned between _2__,_____$ and _3__,_____$ per year.
The lowest 10% eraned less than _4__,_____$ a year.
The highest 10% earned more than _5__,_____$ a year.
Inspectors and investigations employed in local goverment earned about _6__,_____$ a year.

Minimum to maximum anual salary
Fire cheif _1__,_____$ to ___,_____$
Deputy cheif _2__,_____$ to ___,_____$
Assistant cheif _3__,_____$ to ___,_____$
Battalion cheif _4__,_____$ to ___,_____$

minimum to maximum annual salary
Captain _1__,_____$ to ___,_____$
Lieutentant _2__,_____$ to ___,_____$
Fire prevention/inspector _3__,_____$ to ___,_____$
Engineer _4__,_____$ to ___,_____$

OT is paid if you work more then a set number of hours, the hours threshold is determined by the department during the firefighters work leriod, ranging from _1___ to _2___ days. OT can be paid to keep minimum staffing levels or for special emergencies.

Benifits- ___1______ and ____2_____ insurance.
____3____, __4____ leave and some paid ___5______. PPE (helmet, coat, boots,scba) and dress uniforms.

Pensions-retirement at half pay after __1___ years of service or disabled in the line of duty.

Cardiovascular disease (cvd)- leading cause of ___1____ in the US, __2__ ________ deaths a year

USFA wants to reduce firefighter deaths by __1__% by 2005.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary artery disease (CAD) describe specific forms of CVD in wich the ___1___ vessels supplying the heart muscle are ___2_____.

Artery

Ischemia

Myocardial infraction(heart attack)

If the area supplied by the blood vessel is very ___1____, the person may recover and may not even know they suffered a heart attack, if the area below the occlusion is to ____2___ the heart cant pump and death occurs.

Atherosclerosis

CVD can reach advanced stages without overt symptoms, many times the first sign is a ___1___ _____ ______.

Firefighters should address this possibility even if they have __1___ symptoms.

A ______ ______ ________ is a characteristic that is present early in life and is associated with an increased risk of future disease

Risk factors that cannot be modified are ___1__, ___2____, __3____, ___4_____.

Risk factors that can be modified ____1_____-_______ _________, ____2____ ________, ____3____ _________, _____4____, ____5_____, ___6_______ __________.

___1___ are more likely to suffer from CVD at a younger age the ____2___.
___3__ over 45
___4___ over 55

Family risk factors are death of a parent or sibiling befor __1__ for males and __2__ for females

__1__% of the adult population smokes and __2__ _______ young people take up.the habit each year

__1__,_____ deaths a year are from smoking with __2__% from cardiovascular disease

In __1___ the surgeon general said quitin smokingbis the leading avoidable cause for ____2_______ disease, thus quitting is one of the most important interventions to prevent death from CVD.

Smoking increases the risk for ___1__ _______ _______, __2___ ________, ___3_____ _________ _________ and _____4_____.

One pack a day ____1____ your risk for CVD, more then one pack a day ____2____ the risk

Hypertension-chronic persistant rise in __1___ _______

Risk of death ____1_____ with
Systolic bp greater or equal to __2__ mmHg
Diastolic bp greater or equal to __3__ mmHg

__1__% of patients with untreated hypertension die from from CVD or Congestive heart failure __2__% die from stroke and __3__-____% die from renal failure.
That can be reduced by ___4__ ______, ___5____, ___6____, ____7___ ______, ___8_____ _______ ________and ____9___ ______ ______.

Regular exercise can decrease your systolic and diastolic bp by __1__ mmHg
Exercise also helps ___2___ ______ _______ and the ability for the blood vessels to change ____3______ during exercise.

High cholesterol-blood lipids are made up of ____1______ and ____2_____. These are carried in the blood by a _____3____ molecule.
Low density lipoproteins (LDL)- ___4___ cholesterol
High density (HDL)- ___5____ cholesterol

Elevated levels of _____1_____, ____2_____, and ___3___ increase risk for CVD. Increase levels of __4___ have the opposite effect, they are good they represent a positive risk facotor for CVD.

Young men in the upper quartile (highest 25% for chilesterol levels) have a ___1___ _______ chance of heart attack then men in the lowest quartile (lowest 25%)

For every 10mg increase in cholesterole there is a __1__-____% increase in heart disease

Weight loss shows positive changes in lipid profiles and regular aerobic exercise _____1_____ triglyceride levels and _____2_____ HDL levels

__1__% of the adult US population is obese and __2__-____% of the population is overweight.

Obesity can cause ___1___ ______, ____2_____, ____3_____, _____4_____ _________ and _____5______.

Body mass index under __1__ shows little ir no change in.mortality
BMI over __2__ substantially increases moartality

Once found to be overweight, each incremental ____1____ gained is associated with more risk

_____1____ is the best way to lose fat and maintain muscle mass

When you loose weight through just exercise you lose ___1__ and ___2__, if you diet and exercise you lose almost alll __3__ weight.

Diabetes increases your chance of a cardiac event by __1__-____%

__1__% of deaths from diabetics patients are CVD related.

CVD risk is directly related to fasting ____1_____ __________ levels.

Add on otherCVD risk factors to diabetes and you are at a much ___1____ risk then non diabetics with the same number of risk factors.

Metabolic syndrome x-- cluster of risk factors for CVD that coexist with diabetes they are ___1___, ____2____, and the inability to effectivly use ____3____.

A diet low in simple ___1___ and ___2___, regular ____3____ and ___4___ loss are a must.

Physical inactivity increases risk of ___1___, ___2___, ___3___.

Independent risk factors, ___1___ as liklely to suffer from it then people who are active, this number is the ____2____ for people developing hypertension and high cholesterol

__1__,_____ deaths a year in the US are cintributed to physical inactivity.

CVD mortality is inversely related to the level of ____1____ activity or ____2____.

__1__ is a major threat to firefighters health and safety.

you can reduce your risk of CVD by not __1__, ___2___ ____, and eat a __3___ _____, avoid saturated fats, excess simple sugars and maintain normal body weight

Reocmendations for decreasing CVD risk factors.
Exercise moderatley, __1____ blood pressure, lowers __2___, decreases body __3__, improves __4__ tolerance, eliminates physical ___5_____

Recomendations for decreasing cvd risk factors.
Eat a balanced diet lowers __1____, decreases body ___2___ improves ___3__ tolerance, mayb decrease __4__ ______
do not __5___

Physical inactivity benifits _1_ out of the _2__ modifiable risk factors

___1___ and ___2__ can develope musculoskeletal strenghth and endurance, and functional movement around the joints. It is recomended for health, fitness, injury prevention, rehab, and for improving your over quality of __3___.

Flexability

joint motion depends on __1___, __2___, ___3_, __4_, fat __5__, body __6___, __7___ and __8__

many muscular and skeletal problems come from __1__ _____. For adults this is usualy the most neglectide part of exercising. You can benefit from this regardless __2__ or __3__

Muscles __1___ with age diminishing range of motion. Regular stretching programs can ___2___ muscles and maintain or restore flexability.

Benefits from being of being flexable
___1____ risk of injusry
____2___ physical efficiency and performance
increases tissue ____3_____ wich increases circulation and nutrient transport due to decreased joint viscosity
increase neuromuscular ___4_____
reduces muscle soreness felt _5_-___ hours after exercise

Benifits of strength training
Improved body ___1___, muscle ___2___ and ____3____. All ages and gender can build muscle, one pound of muscle mass can increase caloric expenditure by _4__ to ___ calories per day
____5___ physical functioning
___6_____ risk for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
improved ____7____- good for the lower back region

Ergonomic disorders- cumulative __1___ disorders and __2__ disorders.Alone these injuries often related to uncorrected posture and habbits pose a threat. Alone they seem to be __3__ but they can seriously exacerbate a fire ground sprain or strain to a jobb threating/time lost injury. They are _______ with a fitness program, behavioral modification, screenings and assesments.

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD)
wear and tear on joints surrounding tissue due to __1___
every joint can be affected but lower __2___ and uppper __3__ receive the most injuries.
they accumulate through __4___. Aute truama by contrast occur as a __5__ time event like a cut or a fall.

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD)
CTD is also know as ____1_____ disorders ____2____ syndrome, ___3____ motion disorder
They affect __4__ area were tendons, joints ad nerves are

CTD's are most common from the ___1___ to the ___2___. Upper ectremity CTDS affect the origin of ___3___ ( were muscles attach to the bone, tendon, joints, blood vessels, and the nerves)

Two types of trauma disorders are ___1____ and ___2_____

Risk factors of cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) are ___1___, ___2__, __3__ ____, __4__ ____, __5___ _____ _____, ___6___ ______, __7___ ______

Back disorders
Lifting bending and twisting on and off the job can cause servere ___1___ and ___2___.
Next to the __3____ ______, back disorders are the most often cited for job absenteeism

Back dissorders
Most common back problems ______ or ______ muscles, _____, ________ and _____
___ of the US workforce will likely experience a back problem at least once

Back disorders
Most result from chronic long term __1____, rather then just one event, the discs, ligaments and muscles become scarred and weakend overtime time making them ___2___ to support the back

Lumbosacral strain

Sacroliitis

Postural Low back pain

Muscular Insufficency

Herniated Disc

Degenerated disc

Back problem risk factors
___1___ twisting, turning, reaching
___2___ loads that are too big or heavy
lifting too __3__ from the body
staying in one ___4__ for to long

Back problem risk factors
__1___ physical condition
poor ___2___
prolonged ____3_____- causes the lower back to bow outward, this curvature can lead to painfull lower back problems, common in office workers

Back problem risk factors
heavy physical work- low back pain is more ___1____ in highly physical jobs

Back problem risk factors
Lifting- __1___, __2__, __3__ and __4___ will affect the onset

___1___, ___2___, ___3_____-- most common cause of lo lower back injury is bending while lifting

pushing and pulling-- ___-___% of all back strains and sprains

Back problem risk factors
-twisting
-vibrations
-accidents
-prolonged sitting and ___1____