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Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
- Beta-lactam(super group)
- Broad –spectrum Penicillin (group specifically)
- Antibiotic (therapeutic)
- GI- but only really effective in triple therapy, not alone.
Attacks bacterial cell wall, killing it
Common side effects: Rash and/or anaphylaxis, diarrhea, n/v, superinfections,Edema.
Nursing Intervention: *make sure not allergic to penicillins or cephalosporins. Don’t use if pt has renal disorder. Lowers effectiveness of birth control. Take with probiotics.
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Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- Used for atypical bacteria.
- Antibacterial/ antiprotozoal
- Antibiotic that’s in a class of its own.GI disorders,mainly H.pylori
Screws with the bacteria’s DNA
Common side effects: Diarrhea, n/v, headache. If in high doses may cause dark red/brown urine. Rash and/or anaphylaxis.
Nursing Intervention: *stay away from alcohol for atleast 48 hrs.Take with probiotics to avoid diarrhea and/or yeast infections.
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Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
- Considered broad spectrum Macrolide (specific group)
- Antibiotic (therapeutic)GI disorder specifically H.pylori, can be used alone or in triple therapy. Drug of choice if pt allergic to penicillins/cephalosporin
Attacks the ribosomes in bacteria to stop protein formation so bacteria cannot duplicate.
Common Side Effect: n/v, diarrhea, cramping. Anaphylaxis or rash, superinfection.
Nursing Implications: *Notify dr. if severe diarrhea, monitor pt if on Coumadin or digoxin for toxicity.
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Amphojel-aluminum
Maalox- alum/mag
Mylanta-alum/mag w/ simethicone,Gaviscon- mag
(Amphojel, Maalox, Mylanta, gaviscon)
Antacids; Used for numerous GI disorders, but DOES NOT coat ulcers!
Coats the stomach to neutralize HCL and reduce pepsin activity.
Common Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, if contains alum: encephalopathy and/or hypophosphatemia mag: hypermagnesia.Alum and carafate will create alum toxicity.
Nursing Implications: *give 1 hr before & 2-3 hrs after meals.Not recom. for pt. w/ renal insuff. b/c electrolyte imbalances can occur. Separate within 30 min of carafate! Monitor diarrhea/constipation.
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Cimetidine,
Famotidine,
Nizatidine,
Ranitidine
(Tagamet,
pepcid,
axid, zantac)
- H2 receptor blockers,
- Anti ulcer
- Used for many upper GI disorders. Faster acting than PPI- think of it as your rescuer! ALSO-waaaaaay cheaper.
Blocks the histamine receptors so reduces HCl
- Common SIde Effects: Headaches, dizziness, constipation, pruritis, malaise
- Remember that it slows down breakdown of certain meds.
Nursing Implications: Give before meals, take before antacids and/or carafate. Not recom. Monitor pt. with liver problem, monitor with sedatives, anticoagulants, digoxin, amoxil.
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Omeprazole,
Lansoprazole,
Rabeprazole,
Esomeprazole,
Pantoprazole
(Prilosec,
Prevacid,
Aciphex,
Nexium,
Protonix)
- Proton pump inhibitors. Antiulcers
- Used for many gi disorders. More for long term, think of it as your maintenance gi med.
Block the ATPase enzyme system which suppresses gastric secretions.
- Common Side Effects: Headache, fatigue, thirst, constipation
- Abd pain, diarrhea,Rash.
Nursing Implications: Take before meals, antacids, and/or carafate. Monitor pt with liver problem. Monitor with meds like benzos, digoxin,amoxil.
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