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The only source of information about contemporary European art and science allowed by Tokugawa authorities after 1639
Dutch learning
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Spanish Jesuit missionary to Portuguese India and Japan (1549 – 1552)
Xavier
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Form of drama involving highly-skilled teams of three puppeteers, accompanied by chanters and musicians
bunraku
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Form of drama developed in Tokugawa period: stylized acting, singing, and dancing
Kabuki
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“Floating worlds” within Tokugawa cities where sophisticated entertainment and refined pleasures could be purchased
Ukiyo
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Military elite of pre-industrial Japan
Samurai
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“Great names” of aristocratic Japanese clans that controlled vast territories and opposed the central authority of the shogunate
Daimyo
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“Military governors” who ruled Japan in place of figurehead emperors from 1192 to 1868
Shoguns
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Italian Jesuit missionary to China (1588 – 1610) who attempted to reconcile Confucian and Christian doctrines
Matteo Ricci
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Zhu Xi’s synthesis of traditional Chinese ethics and the logical rigor of Buddhism
Neo-Confucianism
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The duties owed by children to their fathers and subjects to their emperor
Filial Piety
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Ritual submission to the Chinese emperor: three kneelings, nine head knockings
Kowtow
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Chinese title of the human being designated by supernatural powers to maintain order on earth
“Son of Heaven”
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Male hairstyle enforced by Manchu emperors with death penalty: front of head shaved above the temples; long hair in back braided into a ponytail
Queue
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Manchu government of China; last emperors of imperial China (1644 – 1911)
Qing Dynasty
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Ming emperor (1403 – 1424) who commissioned naval expeditions to Southwest Asia and East Africa
Yongle
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Fortified barrier against nomadic tribes of North China and Mongolia, constructed during Ming dynasty
Great Wall
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Restoration of native imperial rule to China (1398 – 1644)
Ming Dynasty
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Mongol overlords of China (1279 – 1368)
Yuan Dynasty
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