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2 primary muscle groups active throughout MST
hip ABD, PF
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highest torque demand on muscle at any joint during gait cycle, in TST, on the
calf
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muscle group that counteracts 2nd highest
torque demand, in LR
hip ext
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in initial swing, this jt motion provides
primary means of limb clearance
knee flexion (greatest here, 60°)
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this frontal plane motion reduces rotational
stress at the ankle jt during loading
ankle eversion (unlock midtarsal, allow flexibility of jt)
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normal gait velocity
80 m/min
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phase of double limb support when limb is unloading body weight onto opposite limb
LR or PSW are double support; this is PSW
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max amount of DF that occurs during swing
0°
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max amount of DF that occurs during stance
10°
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if person doesn't get heel off in TST, penalty will be
dec C/L step length
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ankle clears ground by 1 cm in this phase of gait
mid-swing
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most likely cause of foot slap
weak pre-tibials
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knee flex to 40° is a critical event in
PSW
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controlled ankle DF w/ a heel rise is a critical event in
TST
-
hip stability, controlled knee flex, and ankle PF are critical events in
LR
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primary penalty for excess PF in TST is
dec forward progression
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when a drag occurs in ISW, it is likely due to
knee ext spasticity
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forefoot contact usually caused by
excess PF in TSW
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excess DF and excess knee flex in TST often caused by
weak PF w/ strong quads (collapse when trying to PF, so have to have strong quads to support bodyweight)
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excess PF caused by
weak PF, weak quads
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inadequate knee ext in TSW may be caused by
weak quads, patterned movment, or hamstring spasticity
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penalty for dec knee flex in PSW likley a compromise in
foot clearance
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critical event of IC
heel first contact
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critical events of LR
hip stability, controlled knee flex and ankle PF
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critical event of MST
controlled tibial advancement
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critical events of TST
controlled ankle DF w/ heel rise, trailing limb
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critical events of PSW
passive knee flex to 40°, ankle PF
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critical events of ISW
hip flex to 15°; knee flex to 60°
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critical events of MSW
hip flex to 25°, ankle DF to 0°
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critical events of TSW
knee ext to neutral (possibly 5° flex)
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