-
A freed slave, was a leading abolitionist and activist for women's rights
Frederick Douglass
-
Enrolled four female students in 1837 in Ohio; a higher institution of learning
Oberlin College
-
American novelist who wrote the last of the Mohicans
James Cooper
-
Artist best known for his many works of George Washington
Stewart Gilbert
-
Secretary of the massachusetts board of Education and promoter of public education
Horace Mann
-
Created the famous character "Rip Van Winkle"
Washington Irving
-
Leader of the Transcendentalist movement and "fostered romantic thought in the U.S."
Ralph Wldow Emerson
-
Wrote the Scarlet Letter
Nathaniel Hawthorne
-
Famous for living at Walden pond where he illustrated his "experiment" in simple living
Henry David Thoreau
-
Insipired gnerations of later writers with his detective stories and horror tales
Edgar Allen Poe
-
Wrote Moby Dick
Herman Melville
-
Famous for his poem "paul revere's ride"
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
-
Painted hundreds of pictures of Indians
George Caitlin
-
Magazine founded in Boston in 1857 by James Russel Lowell
The Pioneer
-
Harvard professor and author of the poem "old ironsides"
Oliver Holmes
-
Became president upon the death of William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
-
Two famous men who died fighting at the Alamo
Davie Crockett and Jim Bowie
-
Event which greatly increased the populeation of California
Gold Rush
-
"Dark Horse" candidate who defeated Henry Clay on his third try for he presidency
James K. Polk
-
Signed in 1842, it provided for join U.S. British Patrols to suppress the African Slave trade and settled the Canadian Border Dispute
Webster-Asburton Treaty
-
Term or Philosophy which described the motivation to westward expansion on the North American Continent. Devised by journalist John o' Sullivan
Manifest Destiny
-
54 40' of Fight!" Refers to what future state in the west
Oregon
-
Led groups of american immigrants into Texas in the 1820's
Steven Austin
-
Leader of the forces who defeated the Mexicans at the Battle of San Jacinto, capturing Santa Ana
Sam Houston
-
Famous general in the war with mexico who later became president.
Zachary Taylor
-
As a result of this, the U.S. secured california, the New Mexico Territory, and regognition of the RIO Grande as the Texas bORDER.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo
-
An attempt to Ban slavery from any territory acquired from Mexico repeatedly failed to pass the Senate
Wilmot Proviso
-
Part of this was a new, stronger fugitive slave law. Again Henry Clay was instrumental.
Compromise of 1850
-
During the 1830s and 1840s, the economic differences between the rich and the poor
Constituted a wide and growing gap especially in the larger easter cities
-
Began as a wuaker offshoot under mother ann lee and were noted for their self-sufficient agricultural settlements who began to wither due to their practice of celibacy
Shakers
-
led the exodus of his religious group to the great salt lake in Utah
Birgham Young
-
the most signifigant development in urban population trens from 1820 to 1850 was the
emergence of new towns
-
group who waged a moral crusade against slavery
Antebellum reformers
-
the most effective preacher of the second great awakening was
charles grandson finney
-
group organized to combat the heavy consumption of alcohol in america
american temperance union
-
the coorganizer of the seneca falls convention and author of its declaration of sentiments was
elizabeth cady stanton
-
owner of the liberator
william lloyd garrison
-
worked to improve conditions of the mentally ill in massachusetts
dorthea dix
-
was a religious community in new york who practiced free love and supported their community by making such items as stell traps and silverware
Oneida Community
-
the famous book in which alecis de tocqueville analyzed american society was
democracy in america
-
middle class famalies in the 1830s had a
declining birth rate
-
the auburn society was a pioneering experiment in
prison reform
-
catholic immigrants for germany and ireland often
objected to demands for prohivition of all alcohol
-
the most influential black abolitionist was
frederick douglass
-
the greatest expression of Romanticism in the u.s. was through
transcendentalism
-
the pioneer in developing methods for educating deaf people who opened a school for deaf students in 1817 was
Thomas gALLAUDET
-
During the 1820s americans' per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages
increased to the highest point ever in american experience
-
both ralph waldo emerson and henry david thoreau
objected to many of society's restrictions on the individual
-
the american writer whose works are filled with ecamples of wild imagnination and fascination with myster, fright, and the occult was
Edgar Allan Poe
-
author of the essay "civil disobedience"
henry david thoreau
-
the first vice president of andrew jackson
john c. calhoun
-
the president chosen in 1824 by the house of representatives when no candidate received a majority of votes in the electoral college was
john quincy adams
-
propr to the democratizing of politics during the age of jackson, presidential candidates were usually chosen by a
congressional caucus
-
the senator who pushed for renewal of the second national bank of the u.s. charter in 1832 to provide himself a campaign issue against jackson
henry clay
-
the basic concept underlying the spoils system was that
party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign
-
replied that the union was "one and inseparable" and that nullification was treasonable when senator hayne of s. carolina defended state soverignty and the doctrine of nullification
daniel webster
-
one of the "fundamental tenets of jacksonian democracy" was that
ordinary americans could do anything
-
this was the result of the indian removal act of 1830 which provided for the resettlement of native american tribes to the west
trail of tears
-
jackson's advisors who did not hold regular cabinet appointments were called the
kitchen cabinet
-
the practice of appointing people to government jobs as a reward for party loyalty
spoils system
-
jackson's popularity and success were primarily the result of his
personality and leadership
-
presidential candidate and war hero whose campaign slogan was "tipecanoe and tyler, too"
william henry harrison
-
other than jackson's personal poularity, the main campaign issue in the presidential election of 1832 was
The bank of the u.s.
-
(a thing, not a person) declared the tariff law null and void and not binding on the people of s. carolina and prohibited federal officials from collection the duties in s. carolina and threatened to withdraw from the union if the gov't attempted to collect the duties by force
oridance of nullification
-
headed the second bank of the u.s. after 1823
nicholas biddle
-
the conflict between jackson and calhoun was sharpened by their strong diagreement over the
peggy eaton controversy
-
the native american nation forced to move from geogria as a result of jackson's policies were
cherokee
-
the new political coalition which emerged to challenge democratic control in the 1830s was called the
whigs
-
hand picked successor of andrew jackson
martin van buren
-
the jacksonians who championed giving the small man his chance were the
locofocos
-
name given to state chartered banks which were created after the demise of the second bank of the u.s.. these banks also printed inflationary paper currency
pet bank
-
an underlying principle commonly agreed upon by jacksonians was
suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations.
-
one of the major reasons for american entry in the war of 1812
american belief that the british were inspiring native american resistance to american expansion
-
among the causes of the war of 1812 was the
desire of westerners to expand into canada and florida
-
the war hawks called for war against great britain because
they wanted to defend the national honor and save the republic from british domination
-
in the war of 1812 the most effective american action against british shipping was by
privaterring merchantment
-
the treaty of ghent ending the war of 1812
simple reestablished the staus quo ante bellum
-
the battle of new orlenas in 1815 resulted in the
emergence of andrew jackson as a military hero
-
as a result of the war of 1812 the federalists
were destroyed as a political party
-
the transcontinental treaty of 1819
transferred florida to the u.s. for $5mil and settled the souther boundary of the lousiana territory to the pacific
-
the monroe doctrine
hoped to isolate the u.s. from involvement in european affairs
-
the eara of good feelings was noted for the
absence of organized political parties opposing eachother
-
the group which consistently favored low prices and easy credit for western lands was
western settlers
-
the best known political leaders of the north in the early 1820s, who served brilliantly as monroes secretary of state was
john quincy adams
-
according to your text, the outstanding western leaders of the 1820s combining a charismatic personality with great skills at arranging political compromises was
henry clay
-
the essential question involved in the missouri compormise was: would missouri
come into the union as a free state
-
the president chosen in 1824 by the house of representatives when on candidate received a majority of votes I the electoral college was
john quincy adams
-
the tariff of 1828 was so high that in the south it was called the
tariff of abominations
-
the______ was an early nineteenth century development that constituted the combined solution to the problems of locating sufficient capital, transporting raw materials to factories and products to consumers, and supervising large numbers of workers
market revolution
-
the merchant who headed the boston associates, owners of the innovative waltham mills was
francis cabot lowell
-
most workers in the earliest textile factories were
women and children
-
in the 1830s and 1840s thousands of poor and wretched immigrants flooded into america from
ireland and germany
-
one consequence of american industrialization in the early 19th century was
a decline in the need for foreign goods and thus in the business of merchants
-
for a generation after 1815 the most epansive force in the american economy was
cotton
-
the repulic of liberia in western africa
was founded by the american colonization society as a place to ride the u.s. of blacks
-
the shift to cotton production caused a
demaned for more labor which was met by a renewed growth of slavery
-
in the early 1790s and early 1800s private companies built roads called
turnpikes
-
the greatest advantage which early canals offered was
a direct link between western areas and the eastern seaboard
-
immediately after the erie canal was completed, it
was a financial success
-
the supreme courts decision in dartmouth college v. woodward upheld the
principle of the sanctity of contracts
-
the supreme court upheld the consitutionality of the national bank of the u.s. and also strengthened the implied powers of congress and aided economic growth when it decided the case of
mccoulloch v. maryland
-
the cief contribution of jon marshall to economic development was his
broadly national view of economic affairs
-
the court case which established the principle of judicial review
marbury v. madison
-
the major achievement of jefferson's first term as president
lousiana purchase
-
the 12th amendment was put into effect because
When John Adams was chosen for President in the 1796 election, the second-place candidate, Thomas Jefferson, became Vice President — but Adams was a Federalist and Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican. The two clashed several times during Adams's presidency, though Adams's conflicts with Hamilton, a Federalist, too, probably caused Adams more concern.In the election of 1800, the flaws of the original system became more than apparent. Jefferson and Aaron Burr both got 73 votes in the Electoral College, forcing the House of Representatives to choose. The problem? Both Jefferson and Burr were candidates of the same party, with Burr chosen to be the Vice President; some states preferred Burr, and neither was able to get the required majority until the stalemate was ultimately broken.The result was the 12th Amendment, approved in Congress on December 9, 1803, and ratified on June 15, 1804 (189 days), in time for the new process to be in place for the 1804 election. With the 12th, Electors are directed to vote for a President and for a Vice President rather than for two choices for President.
-
led the slave revolt in haiti
toussaint louverture
-
killed alexander hamilton
aaron burr
-
explored the area of the lousiana purchase from 1804-1806
lweis and clark expedition
-
the major fedralist accomplishment was
establishing a sound fiscal system
-
thomas jefferson was an early defender of
the french revolution
-
chief justice of the supremem court during jefferson's presidency
john marshall
-
during his first term, jefferson fought a small naval war, attempting to resist the blackmail of the
barbary pirates
-
the leader who abandoned his plans for an empire in the new world and sold louisiana to the u.s. was
napoleon
-
"no seaman, seafaring, or other person shall, upon the high seas be demanded or taken out of any ship or vessel...." this was an american attempt to deal with the problem of
impressments
-
under___, exports were totally prohibited and oly foreign vessels were allowed to import goods to america
the embargo act
-
painted the famous portrait of t.j. in 1800 when t.j. was twenty years old
Rembrant Wilson Peale
-
name of the unique snaping turtle creted by cartoonist alexander anderson
ograbme
-
british naval commander at thebattle of trafalgar
horatio nelson
-
virginia congressman who was the "most prominent of the republican critics of jerfferson"
john randolf
-
location of the barbury pirates
north africa (e.g. moracco)
-
jefferson's first vice president
aaron burr
-
location of new orleans
louisiana
-
how did the chinook indians aquire their name?
their people formed infants face to have an excentuated nose and chin.
-
name two of the authors of the federalist papers
alexander hamilton and john jay
-
economic doctrine that called for the mother country to dominate and regulate its colonies
mercantilism
-
congreational minister of the 1740's who was a leading voice in the great awakening and who attacke ideas of easy salvation
jonathan edwards
-
was tried for seditious libel and was acquiteted. he had been jailed by the NY assempbly in 1735 after his newspaper had criticized the assmbly
john peter zenger
-
this revolt is often viewed as the first strike against insensitive british policy as a clash between east and west and as evidence of the dangers of the indentured servant system
Bacon's rebellion?
-
autocratic and unpopular governor of the dominion of new england
edmond andros
-
written agreement in 1620 to create a body politic among the male settlers in plymouth and was the forerunner to charters and constitutions that were eventually adopted in all the colonies
mayflower compact
-
series of english laws to enforece the mercantile system and to control colonial trade and to restrict colonial manufacturing
navigation acts
-
policy that the british followed from 1607 to 1763 by which they interfered very little with the colonies. during this time the colonies thrived and prospered.
salutary neglect
-
the flight of the puritans to the new world between 1629 and 1640
great migration
-
document that was read to the natives in spanish colonies, which required them to recognize the soverieignty of the spanish monarch
requiermento
-
a tax which provided a way for the proprietors to derive incomes from their colonies
quitrent
-
puritan response to the dilemma of what to do with the children born to non church members as fewer and fewer puritans sough full membership or visible sainthood in the church
halfway covenant
-
called for puritans to create "a city upon a hill" and guided the massachusetts bay colony through many crises
john winthrop
-
this american victory convinced the french to ally with the colonies and assured the ultimate success of american independednce
battle of saratoga
-
an early advocate of independence who was a strong oponent of the Stamp Act and great defender of individual rights and who declared "give me liberty or give me death"
patrick henry
-
america's leading diplomat of the time who served as a statesman and advisor through the revolutionary era and helped to negotiate the treaty of paris in 1783
benjamin franklin
-
british actions to punish massachusetts for the boston tea party which included closing the port of boston and quartering british soldiers in private dwellings
coercive acts
-
conservative leader who wrote "letters from a farmer in pennsylvania" and helped to write the articles of confederation
john dickinson
-
street gangs that formed ruing the stamp act crisis to enforce the boycotts and to present the distribution and sale of the tax stamps
sons of liberty
-
englih philosopher who wrote that governments have a duty to protect people's life, liberty and property
john locke
-
agitator and leader of the sons of liberty who supported independence as soon as the british veered from salutary neglect and a primary leader of the boston tea party
***
-
idea offered by britain to colonists' demands for representation in parliament and to establish lawful authority to tex them
virtual representation
-
author of common sense
thomas paine
-
leading author of the declaration of independence
thomas jefferson
-
last battle of the american revolution
Battle of Yorktown
-
first secretary of treasury
alexander hamilton
-
an uprising in western massachusetts that closed the courts and threatened revolution in that state
Shay's Rebellion
-
broke the impasse at the constiutional convention over congressional representation
The Great Compromise
-
series of acts designed ot give the president power to deport "dangerous aliens, lengthen the residency requirement for citizensip, and restrict freedoms of speech and press"
alien and sedition acts
-
agreement that provided england would evacuate a series of forts in U.S. territory along the great lakes
jay's treaty
-
favored a one-house of congress with equal representtion for each state
New Jersey Plan
-
first secretary of war
***
-
uprising in western pennsylvania in 1794 over an excise tax which the farmers saw as an unjust and illegal levy
Whiskey Rebellion
-
reaction to the alien and sedition acts by ames madison and thomas jefferson
kentucky and virginia resolves
-
led to the creation of a u.s. navy
XYZ Affair
-
an imaginary line which colonial settler were not to cross after the french and indian war
Proclamation of 1763
-
john adams defended british soldiers who were involved in this confrontation prior to the american revolution
boston massacre
-
what statement about shay's rebellion is true?
many leaders, such as washington, concluded that the central government must be strengthened
-
after the revolution the american balance of exports and imports became
very unfaorable as british merchants poured low priced naufactured goods into america
-
which of the following is not a legacy of the articles of confederation
establishmetn of the reservation system for native americans
-
the principle of the 3/5 compromise was that
3/5ths of the slaves would be counted in determining each state's representation and share of direct federal taxes
-
federalist james madison urged ratification of the consititution because a
large country was more conducive to a republican form of government
-
which statement concerning the virginia plan is not correct?
it was a unicameral body
-
in the opinion of your textbook, most american citizens in the 1780s gave their first loyalty to
their own states
-
george washington's cabinet was chosen
without regard to political affiliation or personal agreement with him
-
the northwest ordinance of 1787 was responsible for
establishing the procedure for creating new states
-
which power was not vested within the articles of confederation
regulating trade
-
the nation which was caused a major problem for the new government of the articles of confederation when it closed the lower mississippi river to american commerce was
spain
-
in may 1775 shortly after it convened the second continental congress
formed the continental army under the leadership of george washington
-
the major british defeat of 1777 at ____ was caused by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign
saratoga
-
the u.s. received very favorable terms in the peace of paris (1783) because the
american comissioners skillfully played rival european powers against each other
-
the most significant change in the new states governments was the
removal of outside control, making them more responsive to public opinion
-
a major source of the new feeling of nationalism after the revolutionary war was the
common sacrifice by soldires and civilians during the war
-
the law which divided the western territories into 6 mile square townships was
land ordinance of 1785
-
the driving force of the colonial new england economy became
maritime trade and those who engadged in it
-
the american gov't raised over 200 million dollars and much of the cost of the revolutionary war was by
printing money
-
g.w.'s greatest strength as a national hero was his
personal sacrifices and his obvious disclination toward becoming a dicatator
-
according to your text, the most significant outcome of the first continental congress in the fall of 1774 was the
realization that drastic changes must be made in their relationship with england
-
the union of american states under the articles of confederation was a
league of friendship, in which the states were sovereign and the national government had only weak delegated powers
-
in the new state governments created during the revolution power was concetrated in the
committees of safety
-
the american understanding of the word "consitution" emphasized the
specific written document spelling out and limiting the powers of government
-
one reason that american protests against the stamp act were vehement was that it
taxed influential and articulate groups such as lawyers and clergy
-
the most significant aspect of the coercive acts was that they
indicated a change in british policy from persuasion to punishment
-
on the same day it repealed the stamp act parliament passed the ____act stating that the colonies were "subordinate" it its wishes
Declatory Act
-
illegal, often violent resistence by the sons of liberty to the ____ may be seen as marking the start of the revoultion
stamp act
-
under the treat of paris (1763) ending the french and indian war
france lost all her possessions on the mainland of n. america
-
the greatest source of trouble between the french in canada and the british in new england was the
control of the fur trade
-
the british government of the american colonies
never developed an effective, centralized government
-
the american crop which was easily cultivated, had a high yield per acre and could be used as food for both humans and livestock was
corn
-
a basic characteristic of the colonial family, especially in new england, was
a family group which was both nuclear and patriarchal
-
write the first part of the declaration of independence
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
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